“It’s Not Just a Walk: Why Enrichment Should Match Your Dog’s Breed”

A Chrysalis K9 Blog by Claire Martin

🐾 More Than a Walk in the Park

Most dog owners know that dogs need more than just food, cuddles, and the occasional stroll. But if your dog is still bouncing off the walls after a long walk—or chewing the skirting board while you’re out—it might not be more activity they need. It might be the right kind.

Enrichment isn’t about tiring your dog out. It’s about giving them a chance to be the dog they were born to be.

And breed plays a huge part in that.

🧠 What Is Enrichment, Really?

Enrichment means giving your dog safe, rewarding ways to express their natural behaviours. It’s more than just toys. It’s how we meet their emotional and cognitive needs—on top of their physical ones.

Think of it as adding texture to your dog’s day. Enrichment can be:

• Mental – puzzles, trick training, problem-solving

• Physical – running, jumping, digging, exploring

• Social – play with humans or dog friends (if appropriate)

• Sensory – sniffing, licking, watching wildlife

• Environmental – changes to layout, new walking routes

• Occupational – jobs like finding, carrying, alerting

• Dietary – food-based enrichment like scatter feeding or chews

Done well, enrichment helps your dog relax, settle, and feel fulfilled. Skipped or mismatched, it can lead to frustration, barking, chewing, shadow chasing, or overexcitement.

🔍 Why Breed Matters

Every breed was developed to do something specific. Whether that’s chasing, guarding, retrieving, or herding, our dogs are wired with centuries of instinct. And even if they’re a beloved rescue or crossbreed, those instincts don’t just switch off in a pet home.

When we ignore that drive, dogs often invent their own “jobs”:

• Gun dogs might steal socks and parade them proudly.

• Collies may herd the children or nip at heels.

• Terriers dig under fences or rip up beds.

• Sighthounds chase cats, shadows—or worse.

But when we honour their instincts, enrichment becomes calming, confidence-building, and joyful.

🧬 Enrichment Ideas by Breed Type

🦴 Sighthounds (Greyhounds, Whippets, Lurchers)

• Love: Watching, chasing, sprinting

• Try: Flirt poles, hoopers, high-up resting spots, soft catch-and-cuddle toys

• Caution: Avoid overdoing chase games—rest is just as vital

🦆 Gun Dogs (Labradors, Spaniels, Vizslas)

• Love: Retrieving, scenting, working alongside you

• Try: Dummy retrieves, scatter feeding, scentwork games, trick training

• Caution: Don’t rely on endless walks—they often need more mental than physical work

🐾 Terriers (Jack Russells, Patterdales, Borders)

• Love: Digging, destroying, problem-solving

• Try: DIY dig pits, destroyable toys, scent trails, tug games

• Caution: Be mindful of over-arousal—structure helps

🐕 Herding & Guarding Breeds (Collies, GSDs, Malinois, Rottweilers)

• Love: Control, movement, watching, working with you

• Try: Interactive trick routines, boundary games, nose work, middle positions

• Caution: Fixation can build without outlets—sniffing and disengagement games help

💥 When Enrichment Misses the Mark

Sometimes I see owners doing loads of enrichment—but it still backfires.

A frustrated Malinois with nothing but puzzle toys will explode.
A retired Greyhound pushed into agility might shut down.
A young Spaniel walked for miles every day may still shred the curtains.

Enrichment isn’t one-size-fits-all. It’s not about how much you do—it’s about choosing the right type for the dog in front of you.

Think of it like this: a Border Collie isn’t a Labrador with longer hair. And a Greyhound isn’t just a sleepy dog on stilts. Their brains and bodies speak different languages. Enrichment is how we listen.

🧠 A Bit of Science

Enrichment reduces stress hormones, improves behaviour, and boosts learning (Young, 2003; Rooney & Bradshaw, 2006). It’s also part of meeting your dog’s legal welfare needs in the UK.

The Animal Welfare Act (2006) says dogs must be allowed to express normal behaviours. Enrichment is the most joyful way to meet that need.

💬 Let’s Bust a Few Myths

❌ “A tired dog is a good dog.”
Not if they’re overstimulated or flooded.

❌ “Walks are enough.”
For some dogs? Maybe. But not for most, especially adolescents.

✅ “The right kind of tired is the goal.”
Think calm, content, fulfilled—not flat-out on the floor.

🧭 Enrichment Supports Training

This isn’t just “nice to have”—it can be the missing piece in your training puzzle.

• Scentwork can reduce reactivity.

• Chewing can help curb demand barking.

• Trick training builds focus and communication.

Many behaviour problems I see ease up just by giving dogs what they were bred to do—safely, and with joy.

🌞 Want to Learn More?

Join us for a Chrysalis K9 Summer Camp or Weekender – they’re bursting with enrichment tailored to your dog’s breed, brain and body.
Whether you’ve got a sniffer, a chaser or a digger, we’ll help you turn instinct into inspiration. 🐶

🔗 Explore More from Chrysalis K9

• 🐾 Hoopers Classes

• 🐾 Recall for Real Life – Sighthound Edition coming soon!

• 🐾 Book a One-to-One Enrichment Consult

Feeding Your Dog: Raw, Home-Cooked, Kibble or Vegan? A Personal and Scientific Perspective

Feeding our dogs is one of the most important (and hotly debated) decisions we make as pet owners. With so many diet options out there – from raw meat feasts to vegan kibble – it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. As a dog trainer and behaviourist living with eight dogs myself, I’ve experimented with various feeding methods over the years. In this post, I’ll share a friendly but evidence-informed perspective on the main scientifically supported feeding options: raw diets, home-cooked meals, cold-pressed kibble, traditional extruded kibble, and vegan diets.

I’ll also clear up some common misconceptions about ingredients vs. nutrients, and delve into what dogs are actually adapted to eat given their evolutionary history. Each diet has its pros and cons, and what works for one dog (or household) might not be ideal for another. Let’s explore these options, so you can make an informed choice that suits you and your canine companion.

Ingredients vs. Nutrients: Clearing the Confusion

One key concept in canine nutrition is understanding ingredients versus nutrients. Many well-meaning dog owners scrutinize ingredient lists on pet food labels, believing that a food is only as good as its ingredients. However, what truly matters to your dog’s health is the nutrients those ingredients provide funkstownvet.com.

Ingredients are the raw materials in the food (chicken, rice, corn, blueberries, etc.), whereas nutrients are the vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates those ingredients contain. For example, corn is an ingredient that provides nutrients like fibre, protein and carbohydrates, and blueberries supply nutrients such as vitamin K, manganese and antioxidants funkstownvet.com. Your dog’s body isn’t concerned with whether those nutrients come from a fancy cut of beef or from a mix of grains and supplements – it just needs the right nutrients in the right amounts to thrive.

This is why veterinarians talk about feeding a “balanced diet”: it means all the required nutrients are present in the correct proportions funkstownvet.com. Sometimes, achieving that balance means pet food companies add vitamins and minerals in their pure form rather than relying solely on whole ingredients. (If you’ve ever wondered about those long, hard-to-pronounce words on a pet food label – like tocopherol – they’re often just the scientific names of added nutrients, in this case vitamin E funkstownvet.com.) It’s very similar to how we humans might take a daily multivitamin to fill any gaps in our diet funkstownvet.com.

Remember: Dogs (and cats) have nutrient requirements, not ingredient requirements aces.illinois.edu. As one nutrition professor puts it, “As long as they’re consuming the essential nutrients in the correct amounts and ratios, dogs can be vegan, vegetarian, or meat-eaters.” aces.illinois.edu In other words, there’s no single “magic ingredient” – what counts is that the diet as a whole delivers what the dog needs. So, don’t be fooled by marketing that highlights exotic ingredients or by the myth that only a raw steak can give your dog protein. The focus should be on nutrients and overall diet quality, rather than just the ingredient list sites.tufts.edu.

One practical tip is to look for a “complete and balanced” statement on dog food labels (per AAFCO or FEDIAF standards). This indicates the food has been formulated or tested to provide all essential nutrients for your dog’s life stage funkstownvet.com. If you’re formulating a home-made diet, it’s wise to do so with guidance from a veterinary nutritionist to ensure all nutrient requirements are met ucdavis.eduucdavis.edu. Now, with the ingredients-vs-nutrients misunderstanding cleared up, let’s consider what dogs are actually built to eat – it will help put these diet options in context.

From Wolves to Woofers: A Brief Evolutionary History

Dogs may be part of the family, but biologically they’re not too far removed from wolves. It’s often said that dogs are carnivores by ancestry – and indeed, wolves are carnivorous hunters – yet thousands of years of domestication have tweaked our dogs’ digestive systems and dietary needs. Early dogs likely scavenged alongside humans, eating our scraps and leftovers. Over time, this partnership led to genetic changes in dogs that make them better at digesting starches and grains than their wolf ancestors petfoodindustry.competfoodindustry.com.

Notably, domestic dogs evolved to produce more of the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch. Wolves typically have only two copies of the amylase gene, but dogs have anywhere from 4 to 30 copies, resulting in much higher amylase levels and a greater ability to digest starch-rich foods like wheat or rice petfoodindustry.competfoodindustry.com. In fact, scientists consider this adaptation to a starchier diet a crucial step in early dog domestication nature.com. Dogs also produce a form of maltase (another digestive enzyme) that is more efficient than the wolf version, further helping them extract nutrition from plant-based sources petfoodindustry.com.

What does this mean in plain English? Dogs are omnivores, not obligate carnivores. Unlike cats (which are strict carnivores), dogs can survive – and even thrive – on a much wider range of foods. Their ancestral diet was primarily meat, but domestication has made them very adaptable eaters. They have teeth and a digestive tract suited to processing meat and plant matter. Biologically, your dog can get nutrients from a bowl of well-made kibble that includes grains and veggies just as he could from a raw piece of meat (provided both are balanced diets).

That said, being omnivorous doesn’t mean all diets are created equal for every dog. Individual dogs might have preferences or sensitivities based on breed or genetics (for example, some Nordic breeds supposedly handle high-fat fish diets well, whereas others might get tummy trouble from too much fat). But broadly, knowing that dogs are nutritionally flexible creatures should give you confidence that a variety of feeding approaches can be healthy – as long as the nutritional basics are covered. Now, let’s dive into those feeding options, one by one, examining their merits and pitfalls.

Raw Diets: Back to Nature – for Better or Worse

What it is: Raw diets for dogs (often called RMBDs – Raw Meat-Based Diets, or the BARF diet, “Biologically Appropriate Raw Food”) consist of uncooked animal products. Typically, this includes raw muscle meat, raw meaty bones, organ meats, and sometimes raw eggs or dairy. Some raw feeders also include small portions of pureed fruits or veggies, but meat is the star of the show.

The appeal of raw feeding is the idea of returning to a dog’s natural, ancestral diet – “what wolves eat.” Many owners (myself included, at times) are drawn to raw diets because they sound wholesome and unprocessed. Proponents claim benefits like shinier coats, cleaner teeth, smaller stools, and improved overall vitality in their dogs. There’s also a satisfaction in knowing exactly what’s (not) in your dog’s bowl – no mysterious additives, just real animal ingredients.

Pros of Raw Diets:

• High Protein and Palatability: Raw diets are rich in protein and fat from meat, which are nutrients dogs find highly palatable and biologically useful. Many dogs go absolutely bonkers for raw meals – even notoriously fussy eaters often dive into raw food with gusto. This makes raw feeding an enticing option for dogs who turn up their noses at kibble.

• Whole, “Natural” Ingredients: The ingredients in a raw diet are typically recognizable cuts of meat and bone. For owners who value natural, unprocessed food, this is a big plus. There are no artificial flavours or preservatives in a true raw diet. mdpi.com

• Low Carbohydrate: Most raw diets are very low in carbs (since they contain little to no grain or starch). Some evidence suggests this can be beneficial for dogs that need to lose weight or manage blood sugar, though for healthy dogs it’s not usually a necessity. Anecdotally, active dogs often do well on the high protein/high fat content of raw diets, which can support sustained energy.

• Owner-Reported Health Improvements: Many raw feeders report improvements like a glossy coat, healthier skin, and smaller, less smelly stools (due to the high digestibility of meat) mdpi.com. There’s also the belief that raw meaty bones help keep teeth clean through the chewing action (though one must balance that with the risk of dental fractures – more on that below).

Cons of Raw Diets:

• Bacterial & Parasite Risk: Feeding raw meat comes with the very real risk of food-borne pathogens. Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, and parasites can be present in raw meat (even human-grade cuts). Studies have shown that about one-third of commercial raw pet foods test positive for harmful bacteria like Salmonella vet.cornell.edu. Dogs on raw diets can shed these bacteria in their saliva and faeces, potentially infecting humans in the household vet.cornell.eduvet.cornell.edu. Young children, elderly or immunocompromised family members are especially at risk. In short: handling raw dog food is like handling raw chicken – it requires diligent hygiene. The FDA and many vets strongly caution that the health risks to pets and people often outweigh any benefits mdpi.commdpi.com.

• Nutritional Imbalances: Simply throwing your dog a slab of meat and a bone is not a balanced diet. Dogs have requirements for vitamins and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, zinc, etc.) that may not be met without careful inclusion of organ meats, bones, or supplements. Poorly formulated raw diets can lead to serious deficiencies or excesses. For example, a common mistake is not enough calcium (from bone), which can cause bone weakness, or too much vitamin A from liver, which can be toxic. Many homemade raw recipes floating on the internet are not nutritionally complete. It takes planning (often with veterinary guidance) to do raw right mdpi.com.

• Cost and Convenience: Feeding raw can be expensive and logistically challenging. Quality meat and fish cost a lot more per day than kibble. If you have big dogs or multiple dogs (like my own family), the monthly food bill for raw can be eye-watering. You’ll also need ample freezer space to store ingredients safely. Preparation can be messy – think bloody cutting boards and meat grinders – and time-consuming. It’s definitely less convenient than scooping kibble from a bag.

• Safety Hazards: Raw bones present a physical hazard. Large weight-bearing bones can crack dogs’ teeth; smaller sharp bones can splinter and cause choking or perforations in the gut. I personally avoid weight-bearing beef bones for this reason, but even supposedly “safe” bones carry some risk and nom doubt this is how Siri ended ups with a slab fracture and subsequent tooth extraction. Additionally, raw diets must be handled like raw meat (e.g. thaw in fridge, don’t leave leftovers out) to avoid spoilage and bacterial growth.

• Vet and Public Health Concerns: Most veterinary nutritionists and public health officials advise against raw feeding because of the above risks mdpi.commdpi.com. Some vets may even refuse to handle a raw-fed dog’s samples in clinic due to contamination concerns. This doesn’t mean raw is outright “forbidden,” but owners should be fully aware of the downsides.

In summary, raw diets resonate with the idea of a dog’s natural diet and can be very rewarding (I’ve seen my own dogs practically dance at dinnertime for a raw meal!). However, they come with substantial responsibility. If you choose to go raw, do your homework: follow a well-established recipe or use a reputable commercial raw product that is formulated to be complete, practice safe food handling, and monitor your dog’s health closely. Raw feeding can work and many dogs do well on it, but it must be done knowledgeably to avoid potentially serious consequences.

Home-Cooked Diets: DIY with Love (and Caution)

What it is: Home-cooked diets involve preparing your dog’s food from scratch using fresh ingredients from your kitchen. Unlike raw diets, home-cooking means you fully cook the ingredients (meat, grains, vegetables, etc.), similar to preparing a meal for a human family member – just formulated for canine nutritional needs. This approach gives owners maximum control over what goes into the food. It’s often chosen by pet parents whose dogs have specific dietary needs or intolerances, or by those who enjoy cooking and want their dog to eat home-made meals.

I’ll admit – there’s something very heartwarming about cooking for your dog. 🥕🍗 My kitchen has seen its share of simmering stews for sick foster pups or special “birthday meals” for my dogs. Many of my clients who adopt home-cooking do so because they trust themselves more than pet food companies, or they want to use higher-quality, “human-grade” ingredients for their beloved pet ucdavis.edu.

Pros of Home-Cooked Diets:

• Quality Control: You select every ingredient, so you have complete control over the quality and source. If you prefer organic produce, free-range meats, or “non-allergenic” grains, you can tailor the diet accordingly. This can be very reassuring if your dog has food allergies or if you’re concerned about contaminants in commercial foods.

• Fresh and Preservative-Free: Home-cooked meals are typically free of the preservatives and additives found in some commercial pet foods. The food is fresh (often cooked in batches for a few days at most). Some owners (and dogs) find freshly cooked food more appealing in aroma and taste compared to kibble. For fussy eaters, a warm home-cooked dinner can be much more enticing than cold dry pellets!

• Customisable Nutrition: If done with proper guidance, a home-made diet can be precisely adjusted to your dog’s needs. Need higher calories for a working dog? You can add more fat. Dog with kidney issues? You can tailor protein and phosphorus levels under veterinary direction. This flexibility is useful for dogs with medical conditions that aren’t well managed by off-the-shelf diets.

• Bonding and Enjoyment: Let’s not discount the intangible benefit – a lot of people simply enjoy cooking for their pets. It can strengthen the human-animal bond. Your dog may also show visible excitement when those pans come out, which many find rewarding. (My sighthounds definitely supervise any kitchen activity with great interest, just in case it’s for them!)

Cons of Home-Cooked Diets:

• Nutritional Balancing Act: The biggest challenge with DIY dog food is getting the nutrient balance right. It’s extremely difficult for the average pet owner (and even many vets) to formulate a diet that provides all essential nutrients in the correct amounts ucdavis.eduucdavis.edu. In fact, a comprehensive study of 200 published home-cook recipes found that 95% of them were deficient in at least one key nutrient ucdavis.edu – even recipes authored by veterinarians! Common shortfalls in home recipes include calcium, iron, choline, zinc, vitamin D and E ucdavis.edu. Over time, such deficiencies can lead to serious health problems (e.g. brittle bones from calcium deficiency, or immune issues from lack of zinc) ucdavis.edu. The bottom line: cooking for your dog isn’t as simple as making chicken and rice every night. It requires either use of a tested recipe plus appropriate supplements, or consultation with a veterinary nutritionist ucdavis.eduucdavis.edu. Without those, you risk inadvertently harming your dog through nutritional imbalances.

• Time and Effort: There’s no denying that home-cooking is time-consuming. You need to source ingredients, cook them (often separately, as different ingredients have different cook times), mix in supplements, portion the food, and store it (typically in the fridge or freezer). Doing this for a big dog or multiple dogs, every day, can become like an unpaid part-time job in the kitchen. If you enjoy cooking, it might be fun; but if not, it can become a chore.

• Cost: Depending on the ingredients, home-cooked diets can be costly. Using fresh meat, fish, fruits and veggies – especially if you opt for higher-welfare or organic options – will usually cost more per calorie than commercial kibble. Plus, you may need to buy supplement powders or pills (like calcium, multivitamins, omega-3 oils) to ensure completeness. For small dogs the cost may be manageable, but feeding a 30kg active dog a fillet of salmon and quinoa daily might break the bank!

• Shelf Life and Food Safety: Home-cooked food typically doesn’t have preservatives, so it spoils quickly. You can refrigerate a batch for a few days or freeze portions, but you must stay on top of prep to ensure your dog always has fresh meals. There’s also some food safety concern – while the food is cooked (killing pathogens), improper storage or slow cooling can let bacteria grow. Always handle your dog’s home-cooked food with the same care you would handle your own leftovers.

• Not Always Convenient for Multi-Dog Homes: If you have several dogs, cooking separate diets or large volumes can become complicated. Different dogs might have different needs or appetite sizes. It’s doable (some dedicated folks cook huge stews and freeze many portions), but much less convenient than pouring kibble for a crowd.

In short, home-cooked diets can be a wonderful way to feed, if done responsibly. They offer quality and personalization that’s hard to match. I’ve seen dogs with severe dietary issues thrive on carefully crafted home diets. However, for it to be truly beneficial, you must ensure the diet is nutritionally complete. This usually means consulting a professional or using reputable recipe software/supplements – don’t just wing it with internet recipes. As Dr. Jennifer Larsen (a veterinary nutritionist) noted, even recipes in vet textbooks can fall short, and owners should ideally get a custom plan from a nutrition specialist if they want to go home-made long-term ucdavis.eduucdavis.edu. With the right support, cooking for your dog can be very rewarding. Without it, you might be courting nutritional disaster despite the best of intentions.

Cold-Pressed Kibble: Gently Does It

What it is: Cold-pressed dog food is a type of dry food made with a low-temperature process, as opposed to the high-heat extrusion used for traditional kibble. Despite the name, it’s not served cold – “cold-pressed” refers to how it’s manufactured. Ingredients are mixed and then pressed at around 42–47°C (rather than ~100°C or more in extrusion) to form bite-sized pieces nutritionrvn.com. The idea is that the food is gently cooked– hot enough to kill bacteria, but not so hot as to degrade all the natural nutrients and flavours. The result is usually a softer-textured nugget that breaks down easily.

Cold-pressed food is relatively new on the market and often marketed as a premium or holistic option. I was curious about it when it first popped up – it seemed like a middle ground between raw and kibble. You get the convenience of a shelf-stable dry food, but with less processing, which in theory preserves more nutritional value.

Pros of Cold-Pressed Kibble:

• Retains More Nutrients and Flavour: Because of the lower cooking temperature, cold-pressed diets are believed to retain more of the natural vitamins, enzymes, and aromas from the ingredients nutritionrvn.comnutritionrvn.com. In practice, this can mean the food smells more like real food (which dogs appreciate) and may not require as heavy supplementation of vitamins as extruded kibble (since fewer are lost in processing). Owners often report that cold-pressed pellets have a rich, meaty smell.

• High Digestibility: These diets tend to be highly digestible. The ingredients are finely ground before pressing nutritionrvn.com, and the gentle cooking keeps proteins in a more natural state. This can make them a good choice for dogs with sensitive digestion. In fact, cold-pressed foods have been noted to be easily digested and suitable for dogs with delicate tummies nutritionrvn.com. They also break down quicker in the stomach (they tend to crumble rather than swell), which some believe may reduce risk of bloat in large breeds.

• Palatability for Picky Eaters: Thanks to retaining more natural oils and flavours, cold-pressed kibble can be more enticing to dogs, especially seniors or picky eaters who are losing interest in food nutritionrvn.com. I’ve had a couple of clients switch to cold-pressed for this reason and see their dogs eat more eagerly. The richer aroma and softer texture can be a nice change for dogs bored of traditional kibble.

• No Artificial Preservatives (but Still Shelf-Stable): Cold-pressed foods typically avoid artificial preservatives. The pressing process often vacuum-seals the food or naturally keeps it stable for a reasonable time nutritionrvn.comnutritionrvn.com. While the opened shelf life is shorter (see cons), an unopened bag can last many months, making it easier to stock up than fresh or raw diets. And unlike raw, it doesn’t harbor dangerous bacteria – the gentle cooking does kill pathogens, making it safe for you and your dog nutritionrvn.com.

• Eco-friendlier Processing: Some manufacturers point out that cold-pressing uses less energy than extrusion. Also, since nutrients aren’t as degraded, there might be less need for synthetic additives. This is more of an industry point, but interesting for the environmentally conscious.

Cons of Cold-Pressed Kibble:

• Shorter Freshness Once Opened: The biggest drawback I’ve found is that cold-pressed food can spoil faster once the bag is opened nutritionrvn.com. Because it often lacks strong preservatives and can have a bit higher moisture or fat content, it’s prone to oxidation or mold if left sitting too long. You can’t leave cold-pressed kibble out in the bowl all day – it may soften or go off. In a multi-dog household, if each dog doesn’t finish their share promptly, you have to be diligent about picking up leftovers to avoid waste or spoilage nutritionrvn.com.

• Wastage & Storage Issues: Building on the above, you might end up throwing away more uneaten food. Dogs that like to “graze” might not do as well on cold-pressed, since the food isn’t as forgiving being left out. Also, once you open a bag, you should use it up within a few weeks. For a small dog, that might mean the smallest bag sizes only. Large bulk bags could be a problem unless you have many dogs or go through food quickly. Proper storage in airtight containers is a must to keep it fresh.

• Availability and Cost: Cold-pressed kibble is still a niche product. Not all pet shops carry it, so you might need to order it specially. The cost is generally in the premium range – often a bit more than standard mid-range kibble, though usually cheaper than freeze-dried or raw diets nutritionrvn.comnutritionrvn.com. For what it’s worth, the price reflects high-quality ingredients in many cases. But budget-conscious owners may find it pricey per kilo.

• Fewer Brand Choices: Compared to regular kibble, there are relatively few companies making cold-pressed diets. That means less variety in protein sources or special formulations. If your dog has specific needs (say a veterinary diet for kidney disease), you won’t find that in cold-pressed form. It’s mostly marketed as general premium food.

• Requires Some Adaptation: Dogs switching to cold-pressed might need an adjustment period. The feeding amounts can differ (sometimes you feed a bit less because it’s nutrient-dense). Also, the texture is different – it crumbles easily and some dogs might gulp it faster or make a mess. These aren’t huge issues, but worth noting.

Overall, cold-pressed kibble offers a compelling compromise: much of the convenience of dry food with a nutritional profile closer to gently cooked homemade food. In my experience, it’s been a hit with dogs that need an appetite boost or have had issues on conventional kibble. Just remember, “gently cooked” doesn’t mean “don’t need to check nutrition” – you still want to ensure the brand is reputable and nutritionally complete. Reputable cold-pressed brands will have an AAFCO/FEDIAF complete diet statement (the good ones do). If you try cold-pressed, buy in quantities your household will finish in a month or so, and store it carefully. It could be a great option if you’re looking for something a little different for your dog but aren’t ready to leap to raw or home cooking.

Extruded Kibble: The Reliable Dry Dog Food

What it is: Extruded kibble is the traditional dry dog food that has been around for decades. It’s made by mixing ingredients into a dough and then cooking it quickly at high temperature and pressure through an extruder machine, which shapes it into those familiar brown nuggets europeanpetfood.orgeuropeanpetfood.org. The pieces are then dried and sprayed with flavourful fats or broths to make them tasty europeanpetfood.org, and preservatives are added to keep the food stable on the shelf. This results in a crunchy, dry pellet with very low moisture content (under 10%), which can be stored for long periods.

Extruded kibble rose to popularity because it’s convenient, inexpensive, and complete – a hard-to-beat combo for many dog owners. All of my dogs rely on a kibble as the main source of their nutrition even if I do add in other foods for variety.

Pros of Extruded Kibble:

• Convenience & Ease of Feeding: It’s hard to overstate how convenient kibble is. Scoop, pour, done. It doesn’t spoil at room temperature (so you can free-feed if needed), it’s easy to travel with, and no refrigeration or prep is required. In multi-dog homes, kibble makes life much easier – each dog can be fed their portion.

• Complete & Balanced Nutrition: Virtually all commercial kibble diets (except some limited “mixers” or prescription add-ons) are formulated to be complete and balanced for a dog’s daily needs. If you choose a reputable brand, you can be confident your dog is getting all essential nutrients in each bowl. These diets are usually formulated with the aid of veterinary nutritionists and undergo feeding trials or analytical testing funkstownvet.com. Put simply, a good kibble takes the guesswork out of nutrition – a relief for owners who don’t want to concoct diets themselves.

• Cost-Effective: Kibble is generally the most economical way to feed a dog. There’s a wide price range, but even premium kibbles often cost less per day than raw or home-cooked diets of similar quality. For those on a tight budget or with very large/very many dogs, kibble can be the only feasible option. There are also bulk bags available (12kg, 15kg sacks) which reduce cost and frequency of purchase.

• Long Shelf Life & Storage: Unopened kibble can last many months; opened kibble, if sealed, is usually good for several weeks. It contains preservatives (often natural ones like mixed tocopherols/Vitamin E) to prevent fat rancidity europeanpetfood.org. This means you can store it in a bin and not worry about daily cooking or short expiry. For people with limited time or those who rely on others to feed the dog (kennels, pet sitters), kibble’s stability is a godsend.

• Variety of Formulas: The kibble market is huge, so you can find a formula for almost any need: puppy, senior, active sporting dog, weight management, grain-free, grain-inclusive, novel protein for allergies, etc. There are also veterinary prescription kibbles for medical conditions. This variety means you can often find a kibble that suits your dog’s specific health profile. Extruded kibble is the most researched form of dog food, with decades of science and improvements behind it. Big manufacturers invest in R&D to improve kibble digestibility, palatability, and health outcomes (e.g., dental kibbles for teeth, joint-support kibbles, etc.).

• Sustainability Aspects: Interestingly, traditional meat-based kibble can make efficient use of animal by-products, which is environmentally positive. In the UK and EU, pet foods use a lot of meat ingredients that are by-products of the human food industry (organ meats like liver, heart, tripe, poultry by-product meal, etc.) europeanpetfood.org. These parts are nutritious for pets but not popular for human consumption. By using them in pet food, we ensure they aren’t wasted bva.co.uk. So, while kibble does contain “leftover” ingredients, that’s not always a bad thing – it’s recycling nutrients in a sustainable way that also keeps pet food prices lower.

Cons of Extruded Kibble:

• Highly Processed: There’s no denying that kibble is a processed food. The extrusion process involves high heat which can destroy some nutrients – manufacturers compensate by spraying vitamins and amino acids on afterward europeanpetfood.orgeuropeanpetfood.org. The kibble is also often sprayed with rendered fat or “digest” (a broth) to enhance flavour europeanpetfood.org. Some owners feel uncomfortable with how far the kibble is from fresh food – it’s the canine equivalent of a processed cereal or biscuit. While dogs can thrive on it, the processing is something to be aware of if you prefer a whole-food approach.

• Palatability and Texture: Kibble is dry and crunchy. Many dogs enjoy the crunch, but some fussy dogs find kibble boring, especially if they’ve tasted tastier options. I’ve noticed older dogs or dogs with dental issues might struggle with hard kibble pieces (though soaking kibble in water or broth can help). In contrast to a juicy piece of meat or a home-cooked stew, kibble can seem relatively bland – which is why some dogs hold out for toppers or wet food mix-ins.

• Carbohydrate Content: Most kibbles (especially extruded ones) use grains or legumes as a significant part of the formula to bind the kibble and provide energy. That means many kibbles are moderate to high in carbohydrates. While we know that dogs can digest carbs, there’s endless debate about optimal amounts. For very active dogs or those prone to yeast infections or obesity, a high-carb diet might be less ideal. Grain-free kibbles replaced grains with pea and potato – but that led to other concerns (see next point).

• Recent Health Controversies: You might have heard about the grain-free kibble and heart disease (DCM) issue. In recent years, some dogs on certain boutique grain-free extruded diets developed heart problems, possibly linked to formulas heavy in peas/lentils and exotic ingredients. Research is ongoing, but it highlighted that not all kibbles are created equal. It’s generally advisable to choose established brands that employ veterinary nutritionists. The vast majority of dogs have done well on extruded diets, but stay informed and discuss with your vet if you have concerns about a specific formula.

• Potential for Additives: While all ingredients in kibble must be safe and mostly “natural,” some kibbles may contain things like artificial colours (rare these days), salt, or palatants that some owners would rather avoid. Always read the label – for example, if seeing unnamed “meat and animal derivatives” bothers you, you might opt for a brand that specifies its meat sources. Fortunately, many quality kibbles are very transparent and use high-grade ingredients (there are kibbles with human-grade meats, non-GMO grains, etc., if that’s what you want).

In summary, extruded kibble remains the go-to for many dog lovers because it hits the sweet spot of convenience, cost-effectiveness, and balanced nutrition. All of my own dogs eat kibble as their primary food with no health issues, endless energy and plenty of tail wags. The key is to choose a reputable brand that suits your dog’s age and needs, and feed the appropriate amount. If you worry that kibble is too monotonous or processed, you can always jazz it up with a bit of fresh food on top (like a spoon of cooked meat or veggies) – a strategy I often recommend to combine convenience with freshness. Kibble’s not glamorous, but it has kept generations of dogs healthy. Just store it properly (cool, dry place, sealed container) and mind the expiry dates. Extruded kibble is indeed an “old reliable” in the dog feeding world.

Vegan Diets: Plant-Powered Pups?

What it is: Vegan diets for dogs contain no animal-derived ingredients. That means no meat, no fish, no dairy, no eggs – only plant-based ingredients plus vitamins/minerals (which might be synthetic or from yeast/bacteria). A typical commercial vegan dog food might use proteins from soy, peas, lentils, chickpeas, or potatoes, and include grains like oats or quinoa, along with added amino acids like taurine and L-carnitine (since those are naturally low in plants). There are both extruded vegan kibbles and cooked wet/canned vegan foods available on the market. Some intrepid owners also attempt home-made vegan diets for their dogs, but this is quite challenging to balance.

The idea of a vegan dog diet is often met with raised eyebrows – after all, dogs descend from wolves, which certainly aren’t nibbling soybeans in the wild! However, given dogs’ omnivorous adaptations, it’s biologically possible for them to get nutrients from plant sources. The motivation for vegan dog food usually comes from the owner’s ethics or environmental concerns. If someone is vegan themselves for moral reasons, they may feel conflicted about buying meat-based dog food. Additionally, there’s growing interest in reducing the carbon “pawprint” of pets – and plant-based diets are generally seen as more sustainable than meat-heavy ones. Even some mainstream pet owners are curious if a dog can be healthy without meat.

Pros of Vegan Diets:

• Ethical and Environmental Alignment: The obvious pro is that it aligns with vegan owners’ values. No animals are directly harmed or used to produce the pet food, which addresses the ethical dilemma for vegan pet parents. Environmentally, plant-based diets tend to use less land and water and produce fewer greenhouse gases than livestock farming. So feeding vegan can reduce the environmental impact associated with your pet’s food.

• Can Be Nutritionally Balanced (If Well Formulated): Contrary to popular belief, dogs can get all their required nutrients from a plant-based diet – but it must be properly formulated and supplemented aces.illinois.edu. Several studies, including one at University of Illinois, have shown that carefully designed vegan diets can meet AAFCO nutritional standards and be highly digestible for dogs aces.illinois.eduaces.illinois.edu. For instance, vegan diets often add synthetic taurine, vitamin B12, vitamin D3 (which are normally high in meat) so that the dog isn’t missing anything. There are now veterinary nutritionists who specialize in plant-based formulations. When done right (usually via commercial complete diets), vegan food has kept many dogs healthy.

• Health Outcomes – Emerging Evidence: Interestingly, some research suggests dogs on nutritionally sound vegan diets might have health outcomes as good as or even better than dogs on conventional diets. A large 2024 survey study led by Prof. Andrew Knight found that dogs fed vegan diets had lower rates of health disorders on average than dogs fed meat-based diets petfoodindustry.competfoodindustry.com. Specifically, only 36% of vegan-fed dogs in the study had health issues, compared to 49% of those on conventional meat kibble petfoodindustry.com. They even slightly outperformed raw-fed dogs in that survey. Additionally, vegan diets have been associated with lower blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels aces.illinois.edu, which could be beneficial for dogs prone to pancreatitis or those needing weight management. It’s important to note these are correlational findings (healthiest owners may choose these diets, etc.), but they counter the assumption that vegan diets are automatically “less healthy.” The takeaway: a proper vegan diet is not inherently harmful and might have some benefits like reduced obesity or better gut health (due to higher fibre) aces.illinois.edu.

• Allergy-Friendly (in some cases): For dogs with severe protein allergies (e.g. cannot tolerate any animal proteins), a vegan diet can be a novel-protein solution. Since the protein comes from plant sources the dog hasn’t encountered, it can help diagnose or manage food allergies. There are hypoallergenic vegan veterinary diets for dogs with protein-losing enteropathy or skin issues, precisely for this reason.

• Suitable for Multi-Pet Vegan Households: If your household includes other herbivorous pets (like rabbits) or you simply don’t want any animal products at home, feeding the dog vegan simplifies things. You won’t have raw meat next to your tofu in the fridge, and there’s a philosophical consistency. Some vegan owners report feeling relieved that every member of the family, including Fido, is on a cruelty-free diet.

Cons of Vegan Diets:

• Formulation Must Be Spot-On: This is the biggest caveat. A vegan diet that is not meticulously formulated can be harmful. Dogs need certain nutrients (like amino acids, calcium, certain fats) in sufficient quantities that plants alone often can’t provide. Mistakes can lead to protein deficiencies, imbalances in amino acids, vitamin deficiencies, etc. For example, a home-made mix of veggies and rice without supplements would be grossly deficient in protein and many vitamins for a dog. The success stories of vegan diets are all from diets balanced by experts or labs aces.illinois.edu. If an owner just wings a vegan diet, the dog can suffer. So, one should only feed commercial vegan diets that are labeled complete or follow a veterinary nutritionist’s recipe for a home-made version. There’s little margin for error. As the British Veterinary Association puts it, “it’s much easier to get the balance of essential nutrients wrong than to get it right” with a vegan diet bva.co.ukbva.co.uk.

• Lack of Long-Term Research & Veterinary Caution: While initial studies and anecdotal reports are promising, we still lack extensive long-term data on large populations of dogs fed vegan for their whole life. Veterinary authorities have been cautious. The BVA in 2024 stated that “from the veterinary profession’s perspective, there just isn’t enough scientific evidence currently to safely promote a vegan diet for dogs” bva.co.uk. They highlight concerns about nutrient bioavailability – e.g., even if you add synthetic nutrients, are they absorbed as well from a plant matrix? bva.co.uk We need more research to be sure that subtler health issues won’t emerge over time. Until then, many vets recommend vegan diets only in specific cases (like food allergies) or with close monitoring. Essentially, the jury is still out in terms of universal approval bva.co.uk.

• Not All Dogs Thrive: Just like some people don’t feel great on a vegan diet, some dogs might not do as well. Individual metabolism varies. Some very active dogs or those with high calorie requirements might struggle to eat the larger volume of food needed on a high-fibre vegan diet (plant diets are generally less energy-dense than meat ones). If a dog needs a lot of fat or has issues like digestive disease, a vegan diet might be less suitable. Also, palatability can be an issue – let’s face it, many dogs adore the taste and smell of meat. Some will chow down on a chickpea-based kibble, but others may be picky about it. Good vegan dog foods add things like pea protein, potato, and flavourings like nutritional yeast or seaweed to enhance taste, but it may not entice every canine palate.

• Availability and Cost: Vegan dog foods are still relatively specialized. Not every pet store carries them, though online options are growing. They also tend to be premium-priced (pea protein and quinoa aren’t cheap compared to corn or meat meal). If home-cooking vegan, you’ll likely need a cupboard of supplement powders, which can add up in cost. So, it might strain the budget more than mid-range kibble.

• Social Perception and Judgment: This is more of a con for the owner – be prepared for raised eyebrows or critical comments. Some folks feel very strongly that feeding a dog vegan is “forcing your ideology” on an animal. You may find yourself frequently explaining or even defending your choice. (Of course, it’s your dog and your decision, but it’s a factor to consider in our society.)

To summarise, a vegan diet for dogs is possible and can be nutritionally balanced – but it is the most demanding diet to get right. If you’re committed to it for ethical reasons, I strongly advise working with a vet and using commercial diets that have undergone feeding trials. Watch your dog’s condition closely: check their weight, coat quality, and do regular bloodwork to ensure all is well. Supplementation (of amino acids like taurine, certain vitamins and minerals) is non-negotiable bva.co.uk. The good news is, with modern formulations, more dogs are trying plant-based menus and wagging their tails just as much. I’ve transitioned a rescue dog with meat protein allergies onto a soy-based diet successfully – but I did so under guidance and it was a learning curve and I have clients with healthy and happy vegan rescue dogs who were adopted when obese and are now slim and fit. So, if done responsibly, a vegan diet can keep a dog healthy and certainly fits vegan households. Just remember that “vegan” doesn’t automatically mean “healthy” – it has to be vegan and properly balanced. When in doubt, consult your vet – they might not outright oppose it, especially as new studies emerge, but they will insist it’s done carefully (as they should!).

Conclusion: One Size Doesn’t Fit All

So, what’s the “best” diet for your dog? The perhaps unsatisfying answer is: it depends. Every dog is an individual, and every owner’s situation is unique. The best diet is one that keeps your dog healthy and fits your lifestyle so that you can feed it consistently and happily.

From my personal experience with a multi-dog household, I’ve learned that flexibility is key. I have had one dog who thrived on raw but when elderly needed a home cooked diet. I have fed just about every option available and now my dogs eat a very basic working dog kibble but also have a huge variety of treats, raw titbits, toast corners, dried animal body parts and they still love to tell me how lovely a snack of rabbit poop is! And choices aren’t permanent – you may feed kibble during a busy life phase, then explore home-cooking when you have more time, or use a mix (some kibble, some fresh toppers) to get the best of both worlds.

Before changing your dog’s diet, consult with your veterinarian, especially for drastic shifts like going vegan or raw. A vet can help you monitor for any issues and suggest supplements or adjustments. Transition diets slowly to avoid tummy upsets (generally over 7-10 days). And once you’re on a diet, keep an eye on your dog’s condition: healthy coat, good energy, normal stools, and stable weight are all signs that the diet is agreeing with them.

Don’t let perfect be the enemy of good – a diet that checks all the scientific boxes on paper is only worthwhile if it works for your dog in practice. Likewise, a diet that’s super convenient for you is only good if it meets your dog’s nutritional needs. Weigh the pros and cons (hopefully this article and table help), and you’ll be equipped to make an informed decision.

At the end of the day, whether you’re dishing up a raw chicken leg, a bowl of kibble, or a lentil loaf, the fact that you care so much about what to feed already means you’re a conscientious dog owner. Your love and attention are big ingredients in your dog’s health, too! 😉 Happy feeding, and give your pup an extra pat from me – perhaps after dinner, when they’re contentedly full.

References: Scientific and veterinary sources have been cited throughout this article for those who want to dive deeper into the evidence. Key references include recent reviews on raw diets mdpi.commdpi.com, studies on home-made diet deficiencies ucdavis.edu, explanations of cold-pressed vs extruded processing nutritionrvn.comnutritionrvn.com, and research on dogs’ starch digestion evolution petfoodindustry.com and vegan diet outcomes petfoodindustry.competfoodindustry.com. These support the points discussed and underscore the importance of a scientifically balanced diet for your dog, whichever form it takes. Remember, your dog needs nutrients, not specific ingredients aces.illinois.edu – and those nutrients can come from a range of diet types, as long as you choose and plan wisely. Good luck on your feeding journey! 🐕🍽️

When Punishment Has No Place: A Call to the Dog Sport Community

I work in the world of dog training. I live in it. Every day, one rep at a time, with my own dogs and with clients and their dogs too. I also live in the dog sport world — and that world, at its best, is built on teamwork, communication, play, and joy.

But I’ve got to say something. And it needs to be said clearly, firmly, and without apology.

There is no excuse — none — for using tools or techniques that are designed to cause pain, discomfort, or fear in dogs, especially in the name of sport. Not for “better control.” Not for “off-switches.” Not for “drive management.” Not for ribbons, trophies, or podiums.

And definitely not because someone told you to.

I Understand Why Owners Listen to the Wrong Advice

Let me start with compassion. Because I’ve sat with clients in tears after being told by a so-called “balanced trainer” that their dog needed a prong collar, an e-collar, or a hard leash correction to “get results.” These are good people. Kind people. People who love their dogs and are trying to do the right thing. They’re scared. They’re overwhelmed. They’ve often already tried reward-based training and been told “it doesn’t work.”

Of course they follow the advice. When someone with a professional title and a slick website and social media following tells you to punish your dog — that it’s necessary, or worse, that it’s kind — it’s easy to doubt yourself. And when results appear to come quickly (as they often do with punishment), it’s even harder to walk away.

But results aren’t the whole story. And fear is not the same thing as understanding. A shut-down dog is not a trained dog.

There Are Tools That Have No Place in Ethical Dog Training

Let me be specific. There are tools I believe have absolutely no place in the training of dogs — whether for pet manners, behaviour modification, or sport. These include:

• The shock collar (also called an e-collar or “remote training collar”)

• The prong collar (also called a pinch collar)

• The grot collar (choke chain, or check chain)

These tools are designed to cause discomfort, pain, or fear. That is their mechanism. That is how they “work.” And there is no situation in which that is acceptable.

Let me be clear — this is not an exhaustive list. There are many everyday tools that can be used in harmful ways. But these three are in a different category. They have no ethical use in dog training. Not ever.

Now I know what some trainers will say — and yes, a so-called “balanced” trainer may show you that these tools “don’t hurt.” They may even put a prong collar on their own arm or press an e-collar to their palm to “prove it’s fine.” But let me ask you this:

Did you consent to having it strapped to your own neck?
At a level high enough to stop you doing something you really wanted to do?
While you were excited or anxious or just trying your best to engage in your environment?

Because that’s how dogs experience it. And they don’t get to choose. They don’t get to say no.

If you're using one of these tools now because someone told you it was necessary, I understand. Truly, I do. This isn't about shame. It's about choosing differently from today onward. It's about doing better when we know better.

Professionals Must Be Held to a Higher Standard

Here’s where I draw a hard line. While I understand the fear and confusion of clients, I have no such sympathy for professionals who choose to use punishment-based tools and techniques. Especially not those who compete in dog sports or present themselves as leaders in the training community.

If you are a dog trainer — and that includes sports coaches, club organisers, behaviourists, handlers, and seminar speakers — then your job is not just to get results. It is to uphold ethics. It is to do no harm. It is to teach in a way that protects trust, in every rep, every cue, every moment.

And if you reach for pain to solve a training problem, I believe you’ve failed your dog.

Yes, even if it “worked.”
Yes, even if they still wag their tail.
Yes, even if you “only used it once.”

You know better. Or at least you should.

Dog Sports Should Be a Celebration — Not a Compromise

Let’s talk about why this matters so much in the sport world.

Dog sports are supposed to be fun. Fun for the dog, fun for the human. They’re meant to showcase the bond we’ve built — not the control we’ve forced. A dog can’t concentrate and respond to cues with style or power through a canicross trail if they’re afraid of getting it wrong. True flow doesn’t come from fear. It comes from safety, trust, and motivation.

When we use punishment in the name of sport, we don’t just undermine our own values — we betray the dogs who give us everything they’ve got. And for what? A controlled startline wait? To overcome arousal? A heel position that doesn’t drift by two centimetres?

Not worth it.

There Is Another Way

If you're struggling with your sport dog — if they’re over-aroused, distracted, shut down, frustrated, or "too much" — I promise you there is another way. You do not need to punish them into compliance. You do not need to “balance” your training by hurting them sometimes and feeding them sometimes.

You need to learn how to listen.
You need to understand reinforcement.
You need to know when your dog is telling you “I can’t” and not just “I won’t.”

Reward-based training is not permissive. It’s not weak. It’s skilled. It’s science-based. It’s humane. And when done well, it’s astonishingly effective — especially in sport.

And if you're a professional, you owe it to your dog to learn how.

Ask Yourself the Hard Questions

If you compete in dog sports or train others who do, ask yourself:

• Can my dog say “no” and still be safe?

• Is my dog working with me, or working to avoid punishment?

• Do I know how to build behaviour without using pain or fear?

• Am I training for connection — or just for control?

And if the answer makes you uncomfortable, good. That’s where change starts.

A Call to Action — For You and Your Dog

If you're reading this and realising you're ready to leave punishment behind, here are some next steps:

• Audit your training gear: If it causes pain or discomfort, it goes.

• Seek out support: Find a force-free sport trainer, even if it means travelling or going online.

• Relearn how to train: Science-based, ethical methods are more accessible than ever.

• Talk to your club: Ask how they handle tools, ethics, and professional development.

• Be the change: Advocate for kindness, for compassion, and for dogs who can truly enjoy the sports we ask them to play.

Your dog deserves training that builds them up — not training that shuts them down. And the sport world needs more people willing to say enough.

We can train better. We can do better. And our dogs — our teammates, our companions, our friends — deserve nothing less.

Why Do Dogs Pull on the Lead?

Dogs pull for several reasons, including:

1. Excitement and Overstimulation – Walks are exciting! New smells, sights, and sounds can cause dogs to rush ahead.

2. Natural Instinct – Dogs have a natural opposition reflex; when they feel pressure on the lead, they instinctively pull against it.

3. Reinforcement of Pulling – If pulling gets them where they want to go, they learn that pulling is effective.

4. Lack of Training – Without structured lead training, dogs don’t automatically know how to walk politely.

A dog like Mercury can be trained to walk on a loose lead in his walking harness and trained to pull in his racing harness!

The Importance of Loose Lead Walking

Loose lead walking is a fundamental skill that teaches dogs to walk calmly without pulling. It makes walks more enjoyable for both you and your dog and reduces strain on their body. By focusing on consistent training and rewards, you can teach your dog to walk beside you rather than drag you forward.

How to Stop Your Dog Pulling on a Lead

Here are practical steps to correct pulling and encourage better lead manners:

1. Use the Right Equipment

• A well-fitted harness with a front clip can discourage pulling.

• Avoid retractable leads, which encourage pulling by allowing inconsistent lead length.

2. Teach Your Dog That Pulling Doesn’t Work

• Stop moving when your dog pulls—only walk when the lead is loose.

• Reward your dog with treats or praise when they walk nicely beside you.

3. Reward Good Behavior

• Use high-value treats or a favorite toy to reinforce walking without tension on the lead.

• Timing is key—reward your dog as soon as they walk with a slack lead.

4. Be Consistent and Patient

• Training takes time, so practice in low-distraction areas before moving to busier environments.

• Short, frequent training sessions are more effective than long, frustrating ones.

5. Change Direction Often

• If your dog starts pulling, turn and walk in the opposite direction.

• This helps them focus on you rather than what’s ahead.

Storm is not wearing a lead - but she is training to walk on a loose lead by focussing on me. If she can find me more interesting than the environment then loose lead walking is easy!

Final Thoughts

Lead training is a skill that requires patience, but with consistency, your dog can learn to walk politely. By reinforcing loose lead walking and applying these techniques, you can enjoy stress-free walks and strengthen your bond with your dog. There is absolutely no need to use aversive tools to teach loose lead walking.

If you're struggling, get in touch with me and I can help you and your dog enjoy your walks together. Happy walking! 🐶

Why Do Dogs Bark at Doorbells? (And How to Stop It!)

A sudden ring at the doorbell can send many dogs into a barking frenzy. While this reaction is natural, excessive barking can become a nuisance. Understanding why dogs bark at doorbells and implementing effective barking control techniques can make life easier for both you and your pup. Let’s explore the reasons behind this behaviour and how to train a dog to stop barking when the doorbell rings.

A dog barking at the door

Why Does My Dog Bark at the Doorbell?

1. Alerting You to a Visitor

Some dogs are naturally protective of their space. When they hear an unfamiliar sound, like a doorbell, their instinct is to alert you that someone is at the door. This behavior is especially common in breeds known for their guarding tendencies.

2. Excitement and Anticipation

For some dogs, the doorbell means something exciting is about to happen—perhaps a friend is visiting or it’s time for a walk. Their barking is a way of expressing their enthusiasm.

3. Fear or Anxiety

If your dog is fearful of strangers or sudden noises, the sound of the doorbell might trigger an anxious reaction. This can lead to reactive barking, which is their way of coping with stress.

4. Learned Behaviour

If your dog has barked at the doorbell for years, they may have learned that this is an acceptable response. In some cases, owners inadvertently reinforce the behavior by reacting with excitement or frustration.

How to Stop My Dog from Barking at the Doorbell

Now that we understand why dogs bark at doorbells, let’s explore how to modify this behaviour using positive reinforcement and training techniques.

1. Desensitization Training

Gradually expose your dog to the sound of the doorbell in a controlled setting. Here’s how:

• Record your doorbell sound and play it at a low volume while rewarding your dog for staying calm.

• Gradually increase the volume over time, continuing to reward calm behaviour.

• Pair the sound with positive reinforcement (treats or praise) to change their emotional response.

2. Create a Calm Alternative Behaviour

Instead of barking, redirect your dog’s attention with an alternative action:

• Teach them to go to a designated spot (like a bed or mat) when the doorbell rings.

• Use treats to encourage them to stay there while you answer the door.

• Reward them for remaining calm and quiet.

3. Minimize Trigger Sensitivity

If your dog barks excessively out of habit, reduce their exposure to the doorbell sound:

• Use a wireless doorbell with a different chime.

• Put up a sign asking guests to knock instead of ringing the bell.

• Keep background noise on (such as soft music) to muffle the doorbell sound.

4. Encourage Positive Associations

Make the doorbell a signal for good things:

• Every time the doorbell rings, immediately give your dog a treat before they start barking.

• Over time, they will associate the sound with positive reinforcement rather than alarm.

Two of the Chrysalis dogs in a school classroom where they remain calm and quiet when someone comes to the door.

Final Thoughts

Training a dog to stop barking at the doorbell takes time and consistency, but with patience and the right techniques, you can achieve barking control in a positive and stress-free way. By understanding the root cause of their barking and implementing targeted training, you’ll create a more peaceful home environment for both you and your furry friend.

Get in touch if you need help to stop your dog from barking in any situation.

Got the Hump?!

Why Do Dogs Hump? Understanding Humping Behaviour in Dogs

Humping, also known as mounting, is one of those behaviours that often leaves dog owners feeling puzzled and, sometimes, embarrassed. Whether it's a young puppy, an excitable adolescent, or even an adult dog, humping is a behaviour that occurs in both male and female dogs.

However, the assumption that humping is purely a sexual behaviour or a sign of dominance is outdated and overly simplistic. While reproductive hormones can play a part, in most cases, humping is actually linked to over-arousal—an emotional or physical response to heightened excitement, frustration, or stimulation.

Let’s explore why dogs engage in humping, what it means, and how you can address it.

Humping is a Sign of Arousal—Not Just Reproductive Behaviour

One of the most common misconceptions about humping is that it’s solely linked to reproduction. Yes, entire male dogs may display humping behaviour due to hormonal drives, but this isn’t the only explanation. In fact, many neutered dogs, as well as females, also engage in humping

The truth is, humping is more often associated with emotional arousal rather than sexual intent. Dogs can display this behaviour when they are excited, anxious, frustrated, or overstimulated. It can happen during play with other dogs, interactions with people, or when the dog is simply experiencing a surge of emotions.

For example:

• A dog who has been cooped up for most of the day may hump when finally allowed to play, as a release for pent-up energy.

• A dog who is frustrated by not being able to interact with something exciting (like another dog on the other side of a fence) may resort to humping as a form of displacement behaviour.

• Similarly, a dog might hump when they are feeling anxious or stressed, as a way to release tension.

Both Males and Females Hump

Humping is not limited to male dogs. Female dogs also engage in this behaviour, especially when they are feeling emotionally or physically overstimulated. It's important to recognise that it’s not about gender—it’s about how the dog is managing its emotional state.

Humping in Puppies and Adolescents

Puppies often display humping behaviour during play as they explore their bodies and learn how to interact with the world. For young dogs, it’s a fairly common behaviour that can occur during boisterous play or when they become overly excited.

Adolescence is another time when humping may be more noticeable. Hormonal changes combined with emotional arousal can lead to a surge in this behaviour. However, it’s important to understand that even in young dogs, humping doesn’t always have a direct sexual link.

Why Some Dogs Hump People or Objects

Sometimes dogs direct their humping behaviour towards people or objects such as toys, cushions, or even furniture. Again, this is typically a sign of overstimulation rather than dominance or sexual intent. Dogs may use humping as a way to burn off excess energy or express frustration if their needs for physical or mental stimulation aren’t being met.

This type of behaviour can often be managed by redirecting the dog’s attention and energy to more appropriate activities, such as games, training, or providing enrichment.

How to Address Humping Behaviour

Humping doesn’t necessarily need to be “corrected” unless it’s causing a problem or distress for the dog or those around them. However, if the behaviour is becoming excessive or socially inappropriate, here are a few steps you can take:

1. Observe the Triggers – Pay attention to when and where your dog engages in humping. Is it during play? When they meet other dogs? When they are anxious or frustrated? Understanding the context can help you address the underlying emotional state.

2. Provide Mental and Physical Enrichment – Ensure your dog is getting plenty of opportunities to burn off energy and engage their mind. Regular walks, playtime, and enrichment activities like puzzle toys or training exercises can help reduce excess energy that might lead to humping.

3. Redirect the Behaviour – When you notice your dog starting to hump, calmly redirect their focus to a different activity. Teaching a reliable “sit” or “leave it” command can be useful for interrupting the behaviour without punishing your dog.

4. Avoid Reinforcing the Behaviour – Be careful not to inadvertently reinforce humping by giving your dog attention, even if it's to scold them. Instead, calmly redirect and provide positive reinforcement for more appropriate behaviours.

5. Address Underlying Stress or Frustration – If your dog’s humping appears to be linked to stress or frustration, focus on reducing the sources of these feelings. For example, providing more opportunities for socialisation, creating a calm environment, or using calming aids can help.

When to Seek Professional Help

If humping is excessive or linked to aggression, it may be worth consulting with a qualified behaviourist. There could be deeper issues of anxiety or frustration that need addressing in a more structured way.

Conclusion: Understanding Your Dog’s Needs

In most cases, humping is a normal behaviour that stems from over-arousal rather than dominance or reproduction. By understanding the emotional triggers behind this behaviour and providing your dog with appropriate outlets for their energy and emotions, you can help reduce humping and ensure your dog is happier.

Helping Your Dog Cope with Fireworks: The Power of Play

As the UK enters firework season, many dog owners are already bracing themselves for what can be a tough few months. With Diwali, Bonfire Night, Christmas, and New Year’s Eve approaching, fireworks will be lighting up the sky – and possibly terrifying our dogs – from now until the New Year.

While starting desensitisation months ago would have been ideal, it’s not too late to help your dog cope with the stress of fireworks. One of the most powerful tools in your toolkit is play. Play not only distracts your dog, but it also changes the brain’s chemistry in ways that can reduce fear and anxiety.

Why Play is Key to Coping with Fireworks

When dogs play, they experience a surge in feel-good neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. These chemicals help to regulate mood, reduce anxiety, and increase feelings of pleasure. The simple act of engaging your dog in games they love can flood their brain with these calming chemicals, making it easier for them to cope with the sounds of fireworks.

Even more powerful, play can counteract the effects of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are released when a dog is frightened. By engaging in play, your dog’s brain shifts focus from fear to enjoyment, and this shift helps to rewire their emotional response to fireworks over time.

The more you can create positive associations with the sounds and sights of fireworks through play, the more resilient your dog becomes. It’s about turning a negative experience into something manageable, even enjoyable.

How to Use Play Effectively

1. Start Indoors Begin with indoor games where the sounds of fireworks are distant or muffled. Games like tug, fetch, or using a flirt pole help to engage your dog both mentally and physically. By creating this fun association, your dog’s brain starts linking fireworks with the positive emotions of play.

2. Play When You Hear Fireworks Don’t wait for your dog to react to the fireworks with fear. As soon as you hear fireworks in the distance, engage your dog in a game. This helps to distract them and creates a positive link between the firework sounds and the enjoyable activity. Keep the games rewarding, using their favourite toys or high-value treats.

3. Avoid Overwhelming Situations While play is helpful, it’s important to avoid taking your dog to a firework display. These large events are too overwhelming for most dogs, and the intense noise and visual stimulation can make the experience terrifying, even with the best preparation. Stick to playing at home or in a safe, familiar environment.

Reassuring Your Dog: Yes, You Can!

There’s a common myth that reassuring your dog will reinforce their fear, but this simply isn’t true. Fear is an emotion, not a behaviour, and you can’t reinforce an emotional response. Supporting your dog when they’re afraid is a key part of helping them feel safe.

When your dog is scared, your calm and reassuring presence is exactly what they need. It’s okay to sit with them, speak softly, and offer comfort. Providing this support won’t make their fear worse; in fact, it can help them feel more secure. You’re their trusted person, and by being there for them in moments of stress, you’re showing them that they can rely on you.

Other Ways to Help Your Dog Cope

1. Create a Safe Space Set up a quiet, cosy area where your dog can retreat if they feel overwhelmed. This could be a crate, a comfy corner, or a room where they feel secure. Add their favourite bedding, toys, and perhaps some calming music to drown out the fireworks.

2. Close Curtains and Windows Reducing visual stimuli, like the bright flashes of fireworks, can help to lower your dog’s stress levels. Closing windows also muffles the sound, creating a more peaceful environment.

3. Use Calming Aids There are several products, such as calming sprays, diffusers, and pressure wraps, that can help reduce anxiety. While these are not a cure-all, they can provide additional comfort alongside play and reassurance.

4. Consider Gradual Desensitisation If you have time, you can still work on desensitising your dog by playing firework sounds at a low volume, paired with positive reinforcement like treats or play. Gradually increase the volume over time to help your dog get used to the sound.

5. Speak to your vet There are prescription medications that can help a dog cope with the fear of fireworks and buy you space to help your dog overcome their fears in the longer term.

The Positive Effects of Play on the Brain

When a dog is playing, their brain is flooded with positive neurotransmitters that help them feel good. The release of dopamine, the ‘reward’ chemical, encourages a sense of enjoyment and satisfaction, while serotonin stabilises their mood and reduces anxiety. The act of playing also reduces the stress hormone cortisol, which can spike during fear-inducing events like fireworks.

By engaging in play, you’re helping your dog’s brain naturally shift from a state of fear to a state of happiness and calm. Over time, consistent play during fireworks can actually reshape how your dog responds to these sounds, making them less fearful and more resilient.

Conclusion: Let’s Play, Not Panic

As dog owners, we live in a world where fireworks are a reality. Instead of feeling helpless or frustrated, we can use play as a powerful way to help our dogs cope. By turning this challenging time into a season of fun and support, we not only make fireworks more manageable for our dogs, but we also strengthen our bond with them.

Let’s embrace the power of play, offer reassurance when our dogs need it, and make firework season a little less scary—and a lot more fun.

Muzzle Training: Why Every Dog Should Learn to Wear One

Muzzles often have a bad reputation. Many people associate them with aggression or unruly dogs, but in reality, a muzzle is simply a useful tool that can benefit dogs of all temperaments. Whether you're dealing with a reactive dog, managing an emergency situation, own an exempted dog or even just keeping your dog safe from potential hazards, teaching your dog to wear a muzzle can be a smart and responsible step.

Let’s explore the process of muzzle training and the positive benefits of introducing a muzzle to your dog in a gentle, reward-based way.

Why Muzzle Train?

1. Safety in Emergencies In stressful situations such as a vet visit, after an accident, or during grooming, even the calmest dogs can become frightened and bite. A muzzle helps protect everyone involved and reduces stress for the dog, as their owner stays calm and in control.

2. Prevention of Scavenging If your dog loves to pick up things off the ground (potentially dangerous items like rubbish or dead animals), a muzzle can prevent them from ingesting harmful substances while still allowing them to explore their surroundings.

3. Helping Reactive Dogs If you have a reactive dog who lunges or barks at other dogs or people, a muzzle can help manage risk as part of a behaviour modification programme. It's important to note that a muzzle doesn’t solve reactivity, but it provides a safety net while you work on desensitisation and counter-conditioning.

4. Legal Requirements In some countries or regions, certain breeds are required by law to wear a muzzle in public spaces. Muzzle training ensures your dog is comfortable and relaxed if ever required to wear one.

5. Building Public Confidence Sometimes, other people may feel anxious around dogs. A well-fitted, familiar muzzle on your dog can help reduce the tension in public spaces, providing comfort to those who might be nervous around dogs, even when there is no risk.

The Muzzle Training Process

The key to successful muzzle training is positive reinforcement. Your dog should see the muzzle as a positive and rewarding experience. Here's how to get started:

Step 1: Introduce the Muzzle

Allow your dog to sniff and investigate the muzzle. Hold it up and reward your dog with a treat for simply showing interest. At this stage, it’s just about making the muzzle something your dog associates with positive experiences.

Step 2: Encourage Voluntary Nose Insertion

Hold the muzzle with one hand and place a treat inside it. Let your dog push their nose into the muzzle to reach the treat, without strapping it on yet. Repeat this step several times until your dog is happily putting their nose into the muzzle on their own.

Step 3: Increase Duration Gradually

Once your dog is comfortable with the muzzle, begin to gently place it on them without fastening it. Reward and remove after a second or two. Gradually increase the amount of time your dog wears the muzzle, always rewarding them for calm behaviour.

Step 4: Fasten the Muzzle

When your dog is consistently comfortable with the muzzle being on, try fastening it for short periods. Reward generously, and continue to increase the duration while they wear it in a calm, familiar environment.

Step 5: Practice in Various Environments

After your dog is happy wearing the muzzle at home, start practising in different places like the garden, on walks, and at the vet. The goal is to make wearing a muzzle a normal and stress-free part of your dog’s life.

Positive Benefits of Muzzle Training

1. Peace of Mind for OwnersKnowing your dog can wear a muzzle comfortably can relieve anxiety for you as an owner. Whether in crowded spaces, at the vet, or during socialisation, a muzzle adds a layer of safety and control.

2. Reduced Stress for the DogIf a dog is introduced to a muzzle positively, it becomes just another piece of gear, like a collar or a harness. There’s no stress or fear attached to it, and they’re better prepared for situations where they may need one.

3. Improved Public PerceptionWhen a dog is seen wearing a muzzle, it shows others that you’re a responsible owner who prioritises safety. It’s a great way to build trust with the public, especially in busy or high-stress environments.

4. A Great Addition to Behavioural TrainingFor dogs working through behavioural challenges, a muzzle can allow for more relaxed, focused training sessions, knowing that there is an extra safety measure in place.

Common Myths About Muzzles

• Myth: Only aggressive dogs need muzzles.Reality: Muzzles are useful for any dog in situations where they may be anxious, reactive, or need to be protected from ingesting harmful objects.

• Myth: Muzzles make dogs more aggressive.Reality: When introduced with positive reinforcement, muzzles can actually reduce stress by providing clear boundaries and safety.

• Myth: Muzzles are uncomfortable for dogs.Reality: A properly fitted muzzle allows a dog to pant, drink, and take treats. It’s all about getting the right fit and using a muzzle that is appropriate for your dog’s breed and size.

Conclusion: Muzzle Training is a Win-Win

At Chrysalis K9, we believe in giving dogs the tools to thrive in all situations. Teaching your dog to wear a muzzle isn’t just about safety—it’s about setting your dog up for success in the real world. Whether it’s managing reactivity, protecting them from scavenging, or simply being prepared for emergencies, muzzle training is a valuable skill for every dog and owner.

Start muzzle training today, and turn a simple tool into a positive experience that benefits both you and your dog!

Dominance - what it is and what it is not!

What Does "Dominant" Really Mean in Social Dog Behaviour?

The word "dominant" is one of the most misunderstood and misused terms when it comes to dog behaviour. It's a word that’s often thrown around to explain why dogs might be pulling on the lead, not sitting when asked, or even showing aggression. But these behaviours are not about dominance in the way many people think.

In its true sense, dominance is a term that refers to a relationship between two individuals within a social group, typically based on resource access. It’s important to understand that dominance is not a personality trait that a dog carries with them across every situation. Instead, it is something that occurs contextually when two dogs are interacting, usually over something valuable like food, a resting spot, or a toy.

What Does "Dominant" Really Mean?

Dominance in social animal groups, including dogs, is about stability and reducing conflict, not about one animal constantly asserting power over another. In a balanced group, dogs will often develop a kind of social order where one dog may have priority access to resources in certain situations, and another may have that access in different situations. This dynamic minimises actual fighting or physical conflict because the dogs "know the rules" about who gets what, when.

For instance, a dog that gets first access to a toy or a prime resting spot isn’t trying to be the “boss” of the household or "defy" its owner. It’s simply working within the natural social structure that reduces competition for resources. More importantly, these dynamics are flexible. The same dog might give up a toy or a spot to another dog under different circumstances. In fact, much of dog-to-dog communication involves subtle signals to avoid confrontation and maintain social harmony, not to establish control.

What Dominance Is Not

Despite the true meaning of dominance, the term has been misused to justify outdated and harsh training methods. Here are a few examples of what dominance does not mean:

• Pulling on the lead is not dominance. When your dog pulls ahead, they aren’t trying to be in charge of the walk; they’re just excited or trying to reach something interesting. Proper leash training is about teaching them what you expect, not assuming they are trying to dominate you.

• Jumping up is not dominance. Dogs jump to greet, get attention, or because they’re excited. It’s not a signal that they think they’re “above” you in some social hierarchy.

• Ignoring commands is not dominance. If your dog doesn't sit or come when called, it’s not because they’re being “dominant.” More often, it's a sign that the behaviour hasn’t been fully learned, they’re distracted, or they’re anxious. It’s a training issue, not a power struggle.

• Aggression is not dominance. While some people might label any aggressive behaviour as a dog trying to dominate, aggression is usually a response to fear, frustration, or a perceived threat. These are emotional responses, not a calculated move to control others.

In this picture Mercury is pulling in his racing harness and he's walking on a loose lead in his walking harness - hes performing behaviours he associates with each situation and that has nothing to do with dominance at all!

The Problem with Dominance-Based Training

Training approaches that focus on dominance or "being the alpha" are based on a flawed understanding of dog behaviour. These methods often involve punishment, intimidation, and fear—none of which help build a trusting, cooperative relationship with your dog. Forcing a dog into submission, for instance, can create confusion, stress, and even worsen behavioural problems.

Dogs aren’t trying to take over your home or your life. They simply need clear, consistent communication and positive reinforcement to learn how to behave in a human world. Reward-based training has been proven time and again to be the most effective and humane way to work with dogs.

Reclaiming the Term

It’s time we reclaim the term "dominance" and use it correctly. In a dog’s world, social structures exist to promote peace, not conflict. Dogs communicate through body language, postures, and signals to avoid the need for physical fights over resources. When we understand this, it becomes clear that our role is not to dominate but to guide and teach, using methods that respect our dogs' natural behaviour and psychology.

In short, dominance isn’t about being “in charge” all the time, nor is it an excuse for punitive training methods. Instead, it's a natural part of social organisation in the animal world, one that we should understand and respect—not fear or misuse.

Let’s move beyond the myths of dominance and embrace a kinder, science-based approach to working with our dogs. In doing so, we’ll not only strengthen our bond with them but also help them thrive in our human world.

To shock or not to shock - that is the question!

Why I Will Never Use Aversive Tools in Dog Training

As a professional dog trainer, I am often asked why I choose to avoid using aversive tools such as shock collars, prong collars, choke chains, and grot collars in my training methods. For me, the answer is simple: these tools rely on fear, discomfort, and pain, which contradicts everything I believe in when it comes to building a trusting, respectful relationship between humans and dogs. I want to take this opportunity to explain my stance and share why I am committed to using only reward-based, positive reinforcement techniques.

1. The Science Behind Dog Training

Research has consistently shown that dogs learn best through positive reinforcement, where desirable behaviours are rewarded, and unwanted behaviours are prevented or redirected. Aversive methods, on the other hand, are based on punishment, which suppresses behaviour but doesn’t teach the dog what to do instead.

For example, using a shock collar may stop a dog from barking temporarily, but it doesn’t address why the dog is barking in the first place. The dog could be anxious, bored, or scared. By using punishment, we fail to meet the dog's needs and miss the opportunity to teach them a better way to cope with their environment. One of the most commonly justified uses for shock collars is in stock aversion training. In the UK dogs should NEVER be off lead with stock - however safe they may or may not be - a farmer is within their rights to shoot your dog if they suspect they are worrying their stock. Dogs should be on lead around stock and they can absolutely be trained, and indeed should be trained to be neutral to stock if they are nearby.

2. The Risk of Emotional Harm

Aversive tools don’t just affect a dog’s behaviour; they can cause long-lasting emotional harm. A dog trained with fear-based methods may become anxious, stressed, or even aggressive. They may start to associate their owner, the environment, or other animals with the fear they experience when these tools are used. For example, a prong collar can cause pain whenever the dog pulls on the lead, potentially making them fearful of walks, other dogs, or even you, their handler.

In contrast, positive reinforcement methods build confidence. A dog learns to make choices, understands the consequences of those choices, and becomes more resilient in new situations.

3. Damaging the Human-Animal Bond

One of the greatest joys of working with dogs is the bond we develop with them. When we train with kindness and understanding, that bond strengthens. However, when training relies on aversive methods, the relationship can be damaged. Imagine how it feels to your dog if they are shocked or choked for doing something wrong, without understanding what behaviour you’re asking of them.

Dogs are sensitive beings. They look to us for guidance and trust us to provide safety and security. When we use fear-based training tools, we risk breaking that trust. On the other hand, by using positive reinforcement, we build a relationship based on mutual respect and communication.

4. Aversive Tools Are Not Necessary

There is a common misconception that some dogs are “too stubborn” or “too aggressive” to be trained without the use of aversive tools. This couldn’t be further from the truth. Every dog, regardless of breed or behavioural challenges, can be trained using humane, force-free methods. It may take time and patience, but I firmly believe that there is no behavioural problem that justifies the use of pain or fear.

If a dog is struggling with a particular behaviour, such as pulling on the lead or reacting to other dogs, it simply means we need to find the right reward, the right timing, and the right training method. For example, using reward-based techniques like clicker training can help dogs focus and learn in a positive way, without any need for discomfort or pain.

Another situation where aversive tools should never be needed is in sport. Competing in dog sports is the pinacle of teamwork and respect between dog and handler should be a priority. Quick fixes and the use of punishment tools are just not acceptable in the pursuit of ribbons.

5. The Legal and Ethical Landscape

Around the world, many countries have recognised the harm caused by aversive tools and have moved to ban them. Shock collars, for example, are already banned in Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom are hopefully taking steps to restrict their use. These legislative changes reflect a growing understanding of the ethical issues involved in using such tools.

As trainers, we have a responsibility to keep our dogs safe, both physically and emotionally. Using tools designed to cause discomfort or pain is not only unnecessary but unethical. With the knowledge and tools we now have in the field of canine behaviour science, there is simply no excuse for causing harm to the animals we care for.

Conclusion: A Commitment to Positive Training

At Chrysalis K9, I will never use aversive tools in my training methods. I am committed to using reward-based, humane techniques that build trust, confidence, and joy in both dogs and their owners. My goal is to help you and your dog develop a partnership based on mutual understanding, not fear or punishment.

Dogs are our companions, and they deserve to be treated with kindness. When we use positive reinforcement, we show our dogs that learning is fun, and we set them up for success. That’s the kind of training I believe in – and that’s why I will never use aversive tools.

What Does the Word "Pack" Mean to You?

The word "pack" often stirs up strong feelings in the dog training community. For some, it evokes images of dominance, submission, and the outdated notion of alpha dogs, while others use it more neutrally to describe a group of dogs living together. But where did this confusion come from, and what does "pack" truly mean?

The Origins of the Misunderstanding: Wolf Studies in Captivity

The misunderstanding of "pack" as a hierarchy based on dominance and aggression largely stems from early studies conducted on unrelated wolves kept in captivity. These studies, which observed artificial groupings of wolves, led to the development of the "alpha wolf" theory. The wolves, unrelated and placed in a confined space, exhibited behaviours that were interpreted as constant struggles for dominance, thus promoting the idea that there must always be a leader and a rigid hierarchy within any group of canines.

However, further studies on wild wolves revealed a very different reality. In the wild, wolf packs are usually made up of family units: a breeding pair and their offspring. Within these natural packs, cooperation and social bonds are far more common than conflict. Rather than rigid dominance, wolves show nurturing behaviours, teaching their young and working together to ensure the survival of the group. The idea of an "alpha wolf" is much more nuanced and often doesn’t apply in natural settings.

What a True Wolf Pack Is

A true wolf pack is, at its core, a family. It’s led by the parents—often called the "breeding pair"—and consists of their offspring from various litters. Just like in any family, roles within the group shift depending on the needs and dynamics of the pack. The older wolves guide and teach the younger ones, ensuring the whole group can thrive together.

In contrast to the dominance-based interpretations, these packs are social and cooperative. They function with mutual respect, trust, and care. While there can be occasional moments of tension, just as there are in human families, the overall structure of a wolf pack revolves around support and teamwork rather than constant battles for control.

How Dogs Live in Social Groups

Dogs, unlike wolves, are domesticated animals that have evolved alongside humans for thousands of years. Their social structure is flexible and not as rigid as the family unit seen in wild wolves. While dogs can live harmoniously in groups, they don't necessarily form packs in the wild sense of the word. They can form social groups, and while there may be certain dogs who display more confident behaviour or take charge in specific situations, this doesn't equate to dominance or the need for an "alpha" figure.

In fact, studies on free-ranging dogs show that their social interactions are more fluid, with different dogs taking on various roles based on the situation, resources, and relationships within the group. They collaborate when needed, communicate clearly, and establish social bonds that help them coexist, much like any other social animal, including humans.

Reclaiming the Word "Pack" or Choosing Alternatives

For some, the word "pack" has become tainted by its association with dominance-based training methods. However, as reward-based trainers, we have an opportunity to take back this word and redefine it. A "pack" can simply refer to a group of dogs who live, train, and enjoy life together. It doesn’t have to carry the outdated baggage of dominance and submission but can instead reflect a social unit built on trust, cooperation, and respect.

For those who still prefer an alternative, there are plenty of words we could use: "group," "family," or even "team" reflect the same ideas of dogs living and working together. These words convey the sense of connection, mutual respect, and harmony that we, as reward-based trainers, value so highly.

Conclusion

The word "pack" doesn’t need to be discarded or feared—it simply needs to be understood correctly. Whether you choose to use the term or prefer another, the most important thing is to remember that our relationships with dogs are built on kindness, respect, and trust. Let's focus on creating a positive narrative around the way dogs live together, and if you're comfortable using the word "pack" in your training world, let it reflect the bond we build with our dogs, not an outdated myth of dominance.

Understanding Reactive Dogs: Behaviour is a Symptom of Their Emotional State

If you’re living with a reactive dog, you’re not alone. Reactivity in dogs is a common issue, and it can feel overwhelming to manage those big reactions to other dogs, people, or even specific situations. But here’s the good news: reactivity is not a reflection of a “bad” dog. It’s simply a symptom of your dog’s emotional state, and with the right approach, you can help them feel calmer and more confident in challenging situations.

What Does It Mean to Be Reactive?

Reactivity is when a dog overreacts to certain triggers—whether it's other dogs, people, or specific environments. This behaviour can stem from a variety of emotions, including fear, frustration, or even excitement. When a dog feels overwhelmed, they may bark, lunge, or try to avoid the situation altogether.

It’s important to remember that your dog’s behaviour is just the outward expression of what they’re feeling inside. They’re not being difficult; they’re struggling emotionally. Once we understand that, we can begin to address the root cause—your dog’s emotional state—and not just the behaviours we see.

Using Desensitisation and Counter-Conditioning

To help your dog overcome their reactivity, we focus on two key training techniques: desensitisation and counter-conditioning. These methods work together to change how your dog feels about the triggers that cause their reactions.

• Desensitisation involves gradually exposing your dog to the trigger in a controlled and manageable way, so they don’t feel overwhelmed. The goal is to reduce the intensity of their emotional response over time.

• Counter-conditioning pairs the presence of the trigger with something your dog loves, such as treats or praise. This helps them form a positive association with the thing they previously reacted to.

By working on these techniques in small, manageable steps, you can help your dog feel less threatened or excited by their triggers and start to build calmer, more neutral responses.

Management: Keeping Your Dog Below Threshold

Training alone isn’t enough, though—managing your dog’s environment is crucial to ensure they aren’t pushed beyond their emotional limit, or what we call their “threshold.” This means setting your dog up for success by avoiding situations that will trigger a full-blown reaction. The goal is to keep them in a zone where they feel safe and can learn, rather than reacting impulsively.

For example, if your dog struggles with reactivity around other dogs, you might avoid crowded parks at peak times or keep more distance between your dog and others until they are ready for closer interactions. Management helps keep your dog calm, while desensitisation and counter-conditioning help them work through their emotional responses at a pace that’s comfortable for them.

Real Success Stories: Ava and Cookie

To show you just how effective these methods can be, let me introduce you to two success stories: Ava and Cookie.

Ava, a beautiful Malamute, was once reactive to other dogs, particularly sighthounds and collies. It was stressful for both her and her owner, but through desensitisation and counter-conditioning, Ava is now neutral to dogs that she used to react to. Her walks have become much calmer and more enjoyable for everyone involved.

Then there’s Cookie, who would bark excessively at other dogs while walking or during agility training. By working with her triggers and using kind, positive methods, Cookie can now walk and participate in agility with minimal fuss. She’s able to focus and enjoy her activities without the stress of reacting to every dog she sees.

How We Can Help

If you’re dealing with a reactive dog, I want you to know that there’s hope. Every dog is different, but with the right support, progress is possible. At Chrysalis K9, we only use reward-based, kind methods that work with your dog’s emotions, not against them. You and your dog will be supported every step of the way, and together, we’ll work towards building a happier, calmer future. We offer 1-2-1 behavioural support throughout the midlands and further afield as we travel to various events - just get in touch to see if we can help you.

If you’re interested in learning more, we’re hosting another Reactive Dog Camp from 14th-17th August next year designed specifically for dogs like yours. It’s an opportunity to dive deep into these techniques with hands-on training and guidance. Keep an eye on my social media pages for more details, or feel free to reach out with any questions.

Remember, your dog’s reactivity is just a symptom of their emotional state, and with patience, management, and the right training, it can be improved. Let’s work together to help your dog feel more comfortable in their world.

Why a Veterinary Check-Up is Crucial Before Starting a Behaviour Modification Programme

When your dog starts exhibiting challenging behaviours, such as aggression towards other dogs or people, or developing new fears and anxieties, it's natural to want to address these issues as quickly as possible. However, before diving into a behaviour modification programme, it’s essential to ensure that there isn’t an underlying medical issue contributing to your dog’s behaviour.

The Hidden Link Between Medical Issues and Behavioural Changes

Many dog owners don’t realise that behaviour problems can often have a medical cause. Conditions such as chronic pain, particularly in older dogs, can manifest as aggression or increased anxiety. This is because dogs may lash out when they are in pain, especially if they feel threatened or uncomfortable. Noise fears and generalised anxiety can also be exacerbated by physical discomfort or illness.

Chronic Pain: The Silent Agitator

One of the most underdiagnosed issues is chronic pain, especially in older dogs. Dogs are incredibly stoic and often hide their pain until it becomes unbearable. This pain can lead to irritability and aggression, behaviours that may seem out of character for your dog. For example, a dog with arthritis might snap when touched in a way that aggravates their joints, or they might become increasingly anxious in situations where they feel vulnerable.

The Impact on Families with Autistic Children

For families with autistic children, understanding and managing a dog’s behaviour is even more critical. A dog suffering from undiagnosed pain or illness can become unpredictable, which can be particularly challenging in a household with a child who may already have heightened sensory sensitivities. Ensuring your dog is healthy and pain-free can significantly reduce stress for both the dog and the family.

Working with Your Veterinarian: A Collaborative Approach

At Chrysalis K9, I always encourage my clients to schedule a veterinary check-up before we begin any behaviour modification programme—especially when the cause of the behaviour isn’t immediately obvious. I frequently collaborate with Monika at Small Paws Veterinary Clinic, a trusted local vet who shares my commitment to holistic dog care. Monika is meticulous in her examinations and has a deep understanding of how medical issues can impact behaviour.

During your visit, Monika can check for signs of chronic pain, degenerative changes, and other medical conditions that might be affecting your dog’s behaviour. This proactive step can save time and prevent unnecessary stress for both you and your dog, ensuring that we’re addressing the true root of the problem.

Preventive Care: Catching Issues Early

Regular veterinary check-ups aren’t just for when problems arise. As dogs age, natural degenerative changes can occur that may lead to discomfort or pain, impacting their behaviour. By catching these issues early, we can adjust our approach to behaviour modification and ensure that your dog remains happy and healthy.

Next Steps: Consultation and Care

Once a veterinary check-up has ruled out or addressed any underlying medical issues, we can move forward with a thorough, 2-hour 1-2-1 behavioural consultation. This session is tailored to your dog’s specific needs and takes into account any medical findings to create a comprehensive behaviour modification plan.

If you’re concerned about your dog’s behaviour, don’t hesitate to get in touch. I’m here to guide you through the process and help you discuss potential medical issues with your vet, ensuring your dog receives the best care possible.

Understanding Modern Dog Training:

At Chrysalis K9, we believe in the power of gentle steps to make significant strides in dog training. Our philosophy, "Go slowly to go fast," emphasizes the importance of patience and respect for each dog’s emotional well-being. This approach not only supports a positive learning environment but also fosters a deep, trusting relationship between you and your canine companion.

The Controversy in Dog Training: Why We Choose Positive Reinforcement

The dog training world is filled with various methods, but at Chrysalis K9, we commit to techniques that respect your dog's emotional and physical well-being. Positive reinforcement stands at the core of our training philosophy, backed by scientific research and proven to be the most humane and effective training method.

Positive reinforcement involves rewarding your dog for good behavior, which encourages them to repeat those actions. Unlike aversive methods that may use fear or discomfort, reward-based training builds confidence and helps alleviate anxiety and stress in dogs.

The Science Behind Our Methods

Dog training is deeply rooted in well-established psychological principles—classical and operant conditioning. By using rewards such as treats, praise, or play, we reinforce desirable behaviors without the adverse effects associated with punitive measures. Studies have consistently shown that dogs trained with positive reinforcement exhibit fewer stress-related behaviors and are generally more responsive to training.

A Success Story: Meet Ava the Husky

One heartwarming example of our approach in action involves Ava, a husky who was initially afraid of a particular shape of dogs—lurchers. Through a carefully managed introduction to our Chrysalis dogs, Ava experienced positive interactions within her learning threshold. This controlled exposure has allowed her to become ambivalent towards lurchers, overcoming her fear without distress. Ava's story is a testament to how understanding and patience can achieve remarkable results in behavior modification.

How We Can Help You and Your Dog

Whether your furry friend needs help with basic obedience, overcoming a specific fear, or learning a new skill, our techniques are designed to ensure they learn at their own pace in a stress-free environment. We’re here to support not just your dog's training but also to enhance the bond between you and your pet.

We have experience working with large, powerful breeds as well as more typical pet dogs and there is no reason at all to use more aversive methods with the breeds that appear to be more demanding.

Get in Touch

If you believe in a kind approach to dog training and are looking for guidance, we're here to help. You can reach us via email, social media, WhatsApp, or the contact section on our website. Every dog deserves a training method that respects their individuality and emotional health. Let's work together to create a positive change in your dog's life.

Feel free to share this post with anyone who might benefit from a kinder approach to dog training, or get in touch if you think we can help you and your dog in any way.

Making the Right Choice for Your Dog's Daytime Care: A Comprehensive Guide for Pet Owners

Introduction

• Understanding the Challenge: As a loving dog owner, finding the right daytime care solution for your dog while you're at work is crucial. This decision can significantly impact your dog's well-being, behaviour, and your relationship with them.

Dog Walker

• Positives:

  • Regular exercise and mental stimulation.

  • Social interaction with the walker and potentially other dogs.

  • Flexible scheduling options.

• Negatives:

  • Limited control over the dogs your pet interacts with.

  • Varying quality of service—experience and training of the walker can differ.

• Personal Insight: For highly social dogs like mine, a good dog walker could be beneficial, but only if the walker understands the importance of balancing exercise with calm behaviour.

Dog Sitter

• Positives:

  • Individualised care in a familiar environment.

  • Reduced stress as the dog stays at home.

  • Potential for personalised training reinforcement.

• Negatives:

  • Can be more expensive than other options.

  • The dog might still feel lonely if the sitter only visits briefly.

  • Not as much physical activity compared to walking or daycare.

• Impact on Training: A consistent dog sitter can reinforce your training methods, ensuring continuity in your dog’s behaviour.

Dog Daycare

• Positives:

  • Fun for social dogs needing plenty of interaction.

  • Supervised play and activities.

  • Can prevent boredom and destructive behaviour at home.

• Negatives:

  • Overstimulation can lead to behavioural issues.

  • There is a risk of developing bad habits or anxiety if not properly managed.

  • Some daycares may not enforce necessary rest periods, which are vital for a dog’s health.

• Personal Insight: Despite the social nature of some of my dogs, I would hesitate to use daycare due to the potential for behaviour deterioration in an uncontrolled environment. Dogs need rest and structured activities, not just free play all day.

Leaving Your Dog Home Alone

• Positives:

  • Familiar environment reduces stress.

  • Encourages independence and gives time for rest.

  • Can be cost-effective.

• Negatives:

  • Potential for boredom and loneliness.

  • Increased risk of separation anxiety.

  • Limited opportunity for physical exercise and mental stimulation.

• Training Consideration: If your dog is well-trained to be alone, this option can work, but it requires a solid foundation in independence-building exercises.

Debunking the Free Play Myth

• Misconception: Many believe that allowing dogs to engage in free play for long periods is beneficial.

• Reality Check: While play is essential, dogs also need significant rest periods—up to 18 hours of sleep a day. Overstimulation can lead to behavioural problems, including hyperactivity and anxiety and there is a risk of fights breaking out between tired and over stimulated dogs.

Final Thoughts and Call to Action

• Evaluate Your Choice: Take the time to assess whether your current daytime care choice is truly benefiting your dog’s behaviour and your relationship with them.

• Training Implications: Remember, any care option you choose should complement your dog’s training and overall well-being.

• Personal Reflection: I urge every dog owner to think carefully about how their choices during the day influence their dog’s life and behaviour at home.

The Challenges of Bringing a Rescue Dog into a New Home and How to Help Them Adapt

Bringing a rescue dog into your home is a rewarding experience, but it also comes with its own set of challenges. Many of these dogs have experienced trauma, neglect, or simply the confusion of being in a shelter environment, which can make adjusting to a new home overwhelming. As a responsible and caring pet owner, understanding these challenges is the first step toward helping your new family member settle in. In this blog, we'll explore some of the common difficulties rescue dogs face when moving into a new home and how positive reinforcement training, desensitisation, and counter-conditioning can ease their transition.

1. Adjusting to New Sounds

One of the most significant challenges for a rescue dog is adjusting to the typical sounds of a household. Imagine a dog who has spent most of its life outdoors or in a quiet shelter suddenly being bombarded with unfamiliar noises like the television, washing machine, vacuum cleaner, or doorbell. These sounds can be frightening and cause anxiety, leading to behaviours such as hiding, barking, or trembling.

How to Help:

• Desensitisation: Gradually introduce the dog to these sounds at a low volume, allowing them to become accustomed to the noise without feeling threatened. Start with the TV on a low volume or the washing machine on a short cycle, rewarding the dog with treats and praise for staying calm.

• Counter-Conditioning: Pair the sound with something positive, like a treat or a favourite toy. Over time, the dog will begin to associate the sound with good things, reducing their anxiety.

2. Meeting Other Pets

If you have other pets, introducing a rescue dog to their new furry siblings can be challenging. Your existing pets might be territorial, and the rescue dog may have had negative experiences with other animals in the past. This can result in tension, aggression, or avoidance behaviours.

How to Help:

• Slow Introduction: Start by keeping the animals separated and allowing them to get used to each other’s scent. Gradually introduce them in a controlled environment, such as on a walk or through a baby gate, where they can see each other but not interact directly.

• Positive Reinforcement: Reward both the rescue dog and your other pets for calm behaviour around each other. This reinforces that good things happen when they are together.

3. Interacting with Children

For some rescue dogs, meeting and interacting with children can be a daunting experience. The unpredictability of children’s movements, noises, and behaviour can be overwhelming, especially for dogs who have not had positive experiences with kids in the past.

How to Help:

• Education: Teach children how to interact with the new dog respectfully. This includes understanding the dog’s body language and knowing when to give the dog space.

• Supervised Interactions: Always supervise initial interactions between the dog and children. Gradually increase the amount of time they spend together as the dog becomes more comfortable.

• Reward Calm Behaviour: Reward the dog for calm, positive interactions with children, helping them associate the presence of kids with positive experiences.

4. Learning New Routines

A new home means a new routine, and for a rescue dog, this can be particularly confusing. They may not understand where they are allowed to sleep, when meals are served, or when it's time to go for a walk. Inconsistent routines can increase their stress and anxiety.

How to Help:

• Establish a Routine: Set a consistent schedule for feeding, walking, and sleeping. Dogs thrive on routine, and having a predictable daily structure will help your rescue dog feel more secure.

• Positive Reinforcement: Use treats, praise, and affection to reinforce good behaviour within the routine. For example, if your dog goes to their bed at night without fuss, reward them with a treat.

5. Dealing with Separation Anxiety

Many rescue dogs develop separation anxiety due to past experiences of abandonment or neglect. Being left alone in a new environment can trigger panic, leading to destructive behaviour, excessive barking, or attempts to escape.

How to Help:

• Gradual Alone Time: Start by leaving your dog alone for very short periods and gradually increase the time. Always return before they become distressed.

• Comfort Items: Provide your dog with items that smell like you, such as a worn T-shirt, or a favourite toy to help them feel more secure when you’re not around.

• Counter-Conditioning: Associate your departures with positive experiences, such as giving them a treat-filled puzzle toy when you leave.

The Power of Positive Reinforcement, Desensitisation, and Counter-Conditioning

Positive reinforcement training is the cornerstone of helping your rescue dog adjust to their new home. This method involves rewarding desired behaviours with treats, praise, or play, which encourages the dog to repeat those behaviours. By consistently rewarding calm and appropriate responses to new situations, your dog will begin to understand what is expected of them and feel more confident in their new environment.

Desensitisation is the gradual exposure to a stimulus that triggers fear or anxiety, starting with a low-intensity version of the stimulus and slowly increasing it as the dog becomes more comfortable. This technique helps reduce the dog's fear response over time.

Counter-conditioning involves changing the dog’s emotional response to a trigger by associating it with something positive. For example, if your dog is afraid of the doorbell, you can counter-condition this fear by giving them a treat every time the doorbell rings. Eventually, the dog will associate the sound with something pleasant, reducing their anxiety.

Conclusion

Bringing a rescue dog into your home is a journey filled with both challenges and triumphs. By understanding the difficulties your dog may face and using positive reinforcement, desensitisation, and counter-conditioning, you can help them adapt to their new life with confidence and trust. Patience, consistency, and love will be your greatest tools in ensuring your rescue dog feels safe, secure, and loved in their forever home.

With the right approach, you’ll not only help your rescue dog overcome their fears but also build a strong, lasting bond that will bring joy to both your lives.

Welcoming a Rescue Dog: Essential Tips for Integrating Your New Companion

Adopting a rescue dog is a profoundly rewarding experience, offering a second chance at a loving home to a pet in need. However, the transition for a rescue dog can be fraught with challenges, especially if they have travelled a long distance or are joining a household with existing pets. Here are some essential tips to help your new companion settle in smoothly and safely.

Understanding Your Rescue Dog’s Needs

Rescue dogs often come with a past that might include traumas such as neglect, abandonment, or abuse. Additionally, the journey to a new home can be an ordeal in itself. It’s crucial to recognize that your new dog may require a considerable amount of time to decompress and feel secure in their new environment.

The Power of Patience

Patience is your greatest ally during this transition. Allow your new dog to adjust at their own pace. Some dogs might adapt quickly within a few days, while others might need weeks or even months to feel completely at home. Watch their body language and energy levels to gauge how they’re feeling and adjust your approach accordingly.

Creating a Safe Space

Establishing a safe, quiet space for your new dog can provide them with a retreat where they feel protected. This might be a separate room, a cozy corner with a bed, or an area sectioned off with baby gates or a puppy pen. Ensure they have access to water and a few toys to engage with, and let them explore this space without any pressure.

Gradual Introductions

If you have other pets, introductions should be gradual and always supervised. Ideally they would meet outside on neutral ground but when they come inside start with brief encounters and use barriers like baby gates or a puppy pen to allow your pets to see and smell each other safely. Watch for signs of stress or aggression and separate them if things seem to escalate. Positive first impressions are crucial, so keep these interactions short and sweet.

Embracing Positive Reinforcement Training

Positive reinforcement training is crucial not just for teaching your new dog commands but also for building trust and confidence. Reward desirable behaviours with treats, praise, or play to encourage repetition. Begin with simple commands like 'sit' or 'stay' in a distraction-free environment.

For a rescue dog navigating the uncertainties of a new environment, positive reinforcement can help reduce anxiety and strengthen your bond. Be patient and keep training sessions short and successful. If your dog struggles with a new command, revert to an easier task they can confidently perform before trying again.

Consistent Routine

Dogs thrive on routine, and rescue dogs are no exception. Establish a predictable schedule for feeding, walks, and quiet time. This consistency helps your new dog understand what to expect in their new life and helps them feel more secure and less anxious.

Adopting a rescue dog requires a thoughtful approach tailored to their unique needs and past experiences. By implementing these strategies, you can ensure a smoother transition and a happier, healthier life together.

Life in a multi-dog household

Living in a Multi-Dog Household: Practical Tips for Harmony and Happiness

If you're considering or currently living in a multi-dog household, you’ve likely experienced the joys of a home filled with wagging tails, playful antics, and endless love. However, managing multiple dogs under one roof also comes with its unique challenges. As a dog trainer and behaviourist living with eight dogs myself, I understand how important it is to ensure each dog thrives individually while maintaining harmony within the group. Achieving this balance is not only possible, but incredibly rewarding if the right approaches are applied.

The Cornerstones of a Harmonious Multi-Dog Household

1. Tailored Exercise According to Breed and Life Stage

A critical factor in managing multiple dogs is providing each one with adequate exercise. Different breeds and life stages come with different needs. A high-energy working breed like a Border Collie will need much more physical and mental stimulation than a senior Chihuahua. If your dogs are not exercised appropriately, you'll likely see behavioural problems develop, such as excessive barking, chewing, or even tensions between family members.

You might have a combination of energetic pups and older dogs with lower exercise requirements. Creating tailored activity plans that cater to each dog's unique needs is vital. For example, your younger dogs might benefit from longer walks, structured play, and training, while your seniors might enjoy shorter strolls and sniffing games that allow them to explore without overexertion.

Incorporating a variety of exercises—such as retrieving, swimming, or agility—will help fulfill different energy levels and prevent frustration. When dogs are physically fulfilled, they are generally calmer and less likely to engage in disputes or destructive behavior.

2. Enrichment for Mental Fulfillment

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise in a multi-dog home. Dogs are intelligent animals, and providing them with ways to challenge their brains can significantly reduce stress and improve overall well-being.

Interactive toys, puzzle feeders, scent games, and teaching new tricks are great ways to keep their minds sharp. For example, you can set up scent trails in your garden or living room, hiding treats for your dogs to find. Alternatively, rotating toys and creating new challenges will keep things interesting, which helps prevent boredom-based issues such as chewing or digging.

Enrichment also helps reduce resource guarding, a common issue in multi-dog households, as every dog feels fulfilled and less likely to compete for valuable resources such as toys or food.

3. Structure and Boundaries: A Peaceful Family Needs Rules

Dogs, much like humans, thrive on routine and structure. In a multi-dog household, establishing clear rules and consistent boundaries ensures that all dogs know what is expected of them. This doesn't mean creating an overly strict environment, but rather one where predictable routines make dogs feel secure.

Feeding time is a great example where structure is essential. In multi-dog homes, feeding should always be supervised, with each dog having their designated space to eat. This prevents food guarding behavior, which can lead to conflicts. Training your dogs to wait patiently while others eat helps reduce tension and creates an environment of trust.

4. Positive Reinforcement Training: Building Happy Relationships

When it comes to managing multiple dogs, positive reinforcement training is your greatest ally. Encouraging desired behaviors through rewards, such as treats, toys, or praise, helps foster good relationships between the dogs and you.

Punitive or dominance-based methods often create fear or resentment and can worsen inter-dog aggression or anxiety. Positive reinforcement, on the other hand, not only strengthens the bond between dogs but also helps build trust in you. Rewarding calm behavior, polite interactions, and following commands reinforces the desired behavior while preventing negative behaviors from escalating.

In a multi-dog household, group training sessions can be an excellent way to instill good manners while simultaneously strengthening the dogs' bond with each other. You can practice basic obedience commands together, rewarding dogs for waiting their turn or for calmly observing while another dog is being trained.

5. Understanding the Canine Dynamic

A successful multi-dog household requires understanding of the relationships between individual dogs. Not all dogs will have the same energy or play styles, and this can sometimes lead to misunderstandings or tension. Observing body language and learning to recognize signs of stress or discomfort is essential to managing group dynamics effectively.

It’s important to acknowledge that not every dog will be best friends with every other dog. Some might prefer quiet time alone, while others might be more social. Respecting each dog's unique temperament and allowing them to interact on their terms is key to reducing conflicts.

If you notice persistent tension or conflict, it might be worth evaluating whether the root cause is an unmet need (exercise, mental stimulation, etc.), or whether the dogs simply need time apart to recharge. Providing safe spaces where dogs can retreat for some alone time can also prevent disagreements from arising.

Would you like some help?

Living in a multi-dog household can be one of the most rewarding experiences for any dog lover, but it requires thoughtful planning and ongoing management to ensure all dogs are happy, healthy, and living harmoniously together. By prioritizing exercise, enrichment, structure, and positive reinforcement training, you can foster a happy and peaceful environment where each dog thrives.

If you’re struggling with challenges in your multi-dog home or need guidance on creating a harmonious family, I’m here to help! As a seasoned dog trainer and behaviourist, I offer personalized support and practical solutions to help you and your dogs achieve the peaceful, happy home you desire. Whether you need help with training, enrichment ideas, or advice on managing group dynamics, feel free to reach out. Let’s work together to create the best possible life for you and your dogs!

Claire Martin is a COAPE trained behaviourist and trainer and can be contacted here:

To sniff or not to sniff

Should dogs be allowed to sniff on walks?

When you take your dog for a walk, what do you envision? A brisk stroll around the neighborhood? A chance for both of you to stretch your legs? While exercise is undoubtedly important, there’s something else your dog craves just as much—if not more—than the opportunity to stretch their legs: the chance to sniff.

The act of sniffing is a fundamental, enriching activity for dogs. It’s their way of interacting with the world, gathering information, and satisfying their natural curiosity. In this blog post, we’ll explore why allowing your dog to sniff during walks is essential to their well-being and how you can tailor your outings to maximize this natural behavior. After all, a 30-minute "snifari" could be far more beneficial for your dog than a 60-minute power walk where sniffing is off-limits.

The Power of the Canine Nose

Dogs experience the world primarily through their sense of smell. While we rely heavily on our sight, dogs depend on their noses to make sense of their environment. Their sense of smell is estimated to be anywhere from 10,000 to 100,000 times more acute than ours. This extraordinary olfactory ability means that every sniff your dog takes is like reading a chapter in a book filled with rich, detailed information.

When a dog sniffs a patch of grass, they aren’t just detecting the scent of plants. They’re picking up on the pheromones left by other animals, detecting the presence of other dogs, identifying what’s in the area, and even determining how long ago another dog passed by. Sniffing allows dogs to understand their surroundings, reduce stress, and feel more in tune with their environment.

Why Sniffing Equals Enrichment

Enrichment is all about providing activities that stimulate your dog's mind and body. Sniffing is one of the most natural forms of enrichment, offering mental stimulation that tires your dog out just as much as physical exercise—sometimes even more so. When dogs are allowed to sniff freely, they engage in what’s known as “nose work,” which can be incredibly fulfilling and satisfying for them.

This type of mental stimulation is crucial, especially for high-energy breeds or dogs that are prone to anxiety or boredom. A dog that has had the chance to explore the world through their nose is often more content, less stressed, and better behaved. It’s akin to giving your dog a mental workout, which can help reduce undesirable behaviors that stem from boredom, such as chewing, digging, or excessive barking.

The Sniffing Spectrum: On Lead, Off Lead, and Long Line

How can you make the most of your dog’s sniffing instincts during your walks? The good news is that sniffing can be accommodated whether your dog is on lead, off lead, or on a long line.

• On Lead: If your dog is walking on a lead, it’s important to allow them the freedom to pause and sniff. This might mean slowing down your pace and giving them a bit of slack on the leash so they can investigate scents at their own pace. Remember, a walk isn’t a race—it's an opportunity for your dog to explore. Consider using a harness to prevent any strain on your dog’s neck as they stop to sniff.

• Off Lead: If you’re in a safe area where your dog can roam freely, letting them off the lead can provide the ultimate sniffing experience. Here, your dog can follow their nose wherever it leads them, whether it’s into a patch of flowers or along a wooded trail. Off-lead sniffing allows dogs to explore more independently, which can be highly rewarding.

• On a Long Line: A long line offers a happy medium between on-lead and off-lead walks. A long line gives your dog more freedom to explore while still ensuring their safety. It’s particularly useful in areas where there might be potential hazards, but where you still want your dog to have a degree of freedom to sniff around.

The Case for a "Snifari"

The idea of a “snifari” is simple: rather than focusing on covering a set distance or completing a route, the goal is to let your dog lead the way, following their nose wherever it may take them. On a snifari, the pace is slower, the route is unplanned, and the main objective is to give your dog the opportunity to fully engage with their environment.

A 30-minute snifari can be far more enriching and fulfilling for your dog than a 60-minute walk where they’re constantly pulled along without the chance to sniff. Sniffing allows dogs to decompress, explore their world, and satisfy their natural instincts. Plus, a snifari can be a wonderful bonding experience as you share in your dog’s joy of discovery.

How to Make the Most of Your Dog's Sniffing Time

To make the most of your dog’s sniffing time, consider the following tips:

1. Choose the Right Location: Find areas where there are plenty of new scents for your dog to explore, such as parks, nature trails, or even just different neighborhoods. Avoid overly busy streets where there might be more distractions than opportunities for sniffing.

2. Be Patient: Allow your dog to set the pace. If they want to spend five minutes sniffing one particular spot, let them! This is their time to explore.

3. Vary Your Walks: Mix up your walking routes to provide new sniffing opportunities. The more varied the environment, the more enriching the experience will be for your dog.

4. Respect Boundaries: While sniffing is important, make sure your dog isn’t sticking their nose into places where it might be unwelcome or unsafe, such as private gardens or near wildlife.

Conclusion: Let Your Dog’s Nose Lead the Way

The next time you take your dog for a walk, remember that it’s not just about exercise—it’s about exploration, enrichment, and enjoyment. Allowing your dog to sniff to their heart’s content isn’t just kind; it’s essential to their well-being. Whether your dog is on lead, off lead, or on a long line, embracing the power of their nose will make for happier, more content walks.

So, to sniff or not to sniff? The answer is clear: let your dog’s nose lead the way. And if you’re looking for more ways to enrich your dog’s life or need guidance on creating the perfect walking routine, feel free to reach out. I’m here to help you and your dog enjoy the most fulfilling, sniff-tastic walks possible!Be clear, be confident and don’t overthink it. The beauty of your story is that it’s going to continue to evolve and your site can evolve with it. Your goal should be to make it feel right for right now. Later will take care of itself. It always does.

It’s Not the Winning, It’s the Taking Part That Counts:

How Dog Sports Fulfill Your Dog’s Needs

When we think of dog sports, it's easy to picture a high-stakes competition with ribbons, trophies, and the thrill of victory. But for most dogs and their owners, it’s not about the winning—it’s about the joy of taking part. Engaging in dog sports offers countless benefits beyond the competition ring. The real magic happens during the training, where our dogs' minds and bodies are stimulated, their needs are fulfilled, and the bond between dog and owner is strengthened.

In this blog post, we'll explore how various dog sports—such as canicross, agility, hoopers, scent work, mantrailing, lure coursing, and trick training—can enrich your dog’s life, regardless of whether you ever compete. It’s all about the journey, the teamwork, and the sheer enjoyment of the experience.

The Importance of Training and Activity for Dogs

Every dog, regardless of breed, age, or temperament, has a set of needs that go beyond food, water, and shelter. Dogs are active, intelligent creatures that thrive on physical exercise and mental stimulation. When these needs aren’t met, dogs can become bored, anxious, or even destructive.

This is where dog sports come in. Participating in a dog sport gives your dog an outlet for their energy, challenges their mind, and provides a sense of purpose. The structured training involved in these activities can help alleviate behavioral issues, improve obedience, and increase your dog’s overall happiness.

A Closer Look at Different Dog Sports

Let’s dive into some popular dog sports and explore how they can benefit your pet:

1. Canicross: Running with a Purpose

Canicross is the sport of cross-country running with your dog, where the dog is attached to the runner via a bungee line. This sport is a fantastic way for high-energy dogs to burn off steam while staying connected to their owner. For dogs that love to run, canicross offers a structured way to fulfill their need for speed while also providing a great workout for you.

The training for canicross isn’t just about physical conditioning; it also involves teaching your dog commands for turning, slowing down, and pacing themselves. This mental engagement makes canicross a fulfilling activity for dogs of all ages and breeds.

2. Agility: The Ultimate Obstacle Course

Agility is one of the most popular dog sports, where dogs navigate an obstacle course of jumps, tunnels, weave poles, and more. The sport requires both physical prowess and sharp mental focus, making it an excellent way to engage both the body and mind.

Even if you never compete, the training for agility builds confidence, improves coordination, and strengthens the bond between you and your dog. Plus, it’s incredibly fun to watch your dog zip through the course, mastering new challenges along the way.

3. Hoopers: A game for All

Hoopers is a low-impact dog sport that involves navigating a course of hoops, barrels, and tunnels. Unlike traditional agility, hoopers is designed to be inclusive for dogs of all ages, sizes, and abilities. The lack of jumps and tight turns makes it especially suitable for older dogs or those with physical limitations.

The training for hoopers focuses on teamwork and communication, allowing dogs to build skills in a supportive environment. It’s a great way to keep your dog active and engaged, even if they’re not up for the physical demands of more intense sports.

4. Scent Work: Unleashing the Power of the Nose

Scent work taps into a dog’s natural ability to sniff out scents, often leading them to hidden objects or substances. This sport mimics the work of detection dogs but is accessible to all pet dogs. The training involves teaching your dog to locate specific scents, which can be incredibly rewarding for both the dog and the handler.

Scent work provides mental stimulation and allows dogs to use their most powerful sense—their nose. It’s a great activity for dogs of all ages and energy levels, as it’s not physically demanding but highly mentally engaging.

5. Mantrailing: The Art of Tracking

Mantrailing is similar to scent work but focuses on following a human scent trail. It’s a sport that mimics the work of search-and-rescue dogs, allowing your pet to track down a person based on their unique scent. The training involves teaching your dog to follow a trail and work out the path a person has taken.

This sport is not only mentally stimulating but also taps into a dog’s natural instincts. It’s a great way to give your dog a sense of purpose and accomplishment, as they use their nose to solve a puzzle.

6. Lure Coursing: Chase the Prey

Lure coursing involves dogs chasing a mechanical lure (often resembling a small animal) across a field. This sport is particularly popular with sighthounds, but any dog with a strong prey drive can enjoy it. The thrill of the chase allows dogs to express their natural hunting instincts in a safe, controlled environment.

The training for lure coursing isn’t intensive, but the sport itself provides an exhilarating way for dogs to burn off energy and engage in instinctual behaviors. It’s a high-energy activity that leaves dogs feeling satisfied and happy.

7. Trick Training: Fun and Functional

Trick training is exactly what it sounds like—teaching your dog to perform tricks, from simple commands like “sit” and “shake” to more complex behaviors like rolling over, playing dead, or even fetching specific objects. While it may not be a competitive sport, trick training is a fantastic way to bond with your dog and challenge their intellect.

The training process is mentally stimulating and always involves positive reinforcement, which can boost your dog’s confidence and strengthen your relationship. Plus, it’s incredibly fun and can be done anywhere, anytime.

The Benefits of Taking Part

While winning competitions can be exciting, the real value of participating in dog sports lies in the training and the shared experiences with your dog. Here’s how your dog benefits:

• Physical Exercise: Many dog sports provide excellent physical workouts, helping to keep your dog fit and healthy.

• Mental Stimulation: Dog sports challenge your dog’s mind, preventing boredom and promoting mental sharpness.

• Bonding Time: Training and participating in sports together strengthens the bond between you and your dog, improving communication and trust.

• Confidence Building: Learning new skills and overcoming challenges boosts your dog’s confidence, making them happier and more well-adjusted.

• Purpose and Fulfillment: Dog sports give your pet a sense of purpose, allowing them to engage in activities that fulfill their natural instincts.

Conclusion: It’s About the Journey, Not the Destination

Participating in dog sports isn’t just about the pursuit of medals and titles—it’s about the journey you and your dog take together. The training, the teamwork, and the sheer enjoyment of these activities are what truly matter. Whether you’re running a canicross trail, navigating an agility course, or simply teaching your dog a new trick, you’re providing them with the enrichment, exercise, and mental stimulation they need to thrive.

So, don’t worry about winning. Focus on the joy of taking part and the positive impact it has on your dog’s life. If you’re interested in exploring dog sports or need guidance on getting started, I’m here to help. Let’s work together to find the perfect activity that will bring out the best in your dog and make every moment count!

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